Major Psychological Theories: A Comparative Analysis
| Major | Theoretical Position and Represented Interests | Explanation of the Process/Method of Study | Perceptual Differences with Other Major Subjects of Study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functionalism | Functional dimensions of psychological processes as instrumental in adaptation to the environment. | W. James, J. Dewey, J. R. Angell used several methods: introspection, experimental method, comparative method, etc. | Motivational factors, personal interest in adaptation to the environment that affect perception. Perception plays an instrumental |
Understanding Attitude Change, Prejudice, and Stereotypes
Attitude Formation and Change
Factors Influencing Attitude Change: Traditional approaches suggest that attitude change depends on the discrepancy between the receiver’s initial attitude and the message’s position. The source’s credibility is crucial, influenced by the receiver’s perception of the source’s competence and persuasive intent. Source appeal also plays a role. However, studies on message structure have yielded inconsistent results. Receiver characteristics, such as self-esteem, authoritarianism,
Read MoreKey Brain Regions and Their Functions in Cognition and Emotion
Tractography and the Stroop Test
Tractography is a magnetic resonance technique in which:
e. Both “a” and “b” as “c” are correct.
In the famous Stroop test, a person must:
a. Name the color that is written with a word.
The Papez Circuit and Working Memory
The Papez circuit has the connections to:
e. That emotions modulate attention and memory.
Part of the reason for raising Baddeley’s theory of working memory (WM) was that there was much evidence that:
b. WM was not uniform.
The Cingulate Gyrus and Attention
The
Read MoreScience Features, Freudian Economics, and Psychoanalytic Drive Theory
Common Features of Science
Scientific disciplines share these fundamental characteristics:
- They deal with phenomena occurring in the physical world.
- They begin with some common assumptions:
- Determinism: It is assumed that the world—particularly, the object of study of each discipline—is subject to order and that natural phenomena are interrelated in a certain and stable way.
- Finite Limits: Not everything is connected to everything. It is assumed that there is a limited number of factors or variables,
Rethinking University Teaching and Social Adaptation
Rafael Feito: Rethinking University Teaching
Main Idea
The author, a Sociology professor at the Complutense University of Madrid, analyzes and reflects on the teaching practices of university professors, questioning whether they effectively fulfill their roles.
Summary
- How is college teaching? Feito admits that little is known about the subject, and there has been a reluctance to delve into it. However, while teaching is discussed in high school, it is often neglected in higher education.
- Reflection
Participant Observation in Research: Phases and Scenarios
Participant Observation: Phases and Scenario Selection
Similarly, the difficulty of addressing certain issues can influence the selection of one technique over another to supplement direct observation and reporting. The number of individuals or groups in the course of implementing interviews is also a factor. Participant observation can be understood as a twofold process:
- Progressive access of researchers to higher levels of participation in the observed field.
- While the observation will define and