Brain Structure and Function: Lobes and Hemispheres
Brain Structure and Function
Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, containing 70% of neurons in the CNS. It is composed of five layers of neurons and a plexiform layer (composed of fibers). The convolutions of the cortex allow the large cortical surface to fit a small space.
- Grooves: Channels or grooves
- Fissures: Deeper grooves
- Convolutions: Deformations produced by the folds
Cerebral Hemispheres
Left Hemisphere
The left hemisphere controls logical functions
Read MoreEffective Field Research: Institutional Insights & Data Collection
Institutional Informants
Institutional informants are valuable because their informal ties can provide insights into the everyday reality of the institution. Researchers should be cautious not to be unduly influenced by their opinions.
Coexistence and Social Relations in the Field
The preliminary design should include logistical considerations, such as the observer’s residence. If there’s doubt about the impact of the observer’s accommodation, a hotel or temporary residence is preferable. In closed
Read MoreChild Development Stages and Language Acquisition
Child Development Through Play
Sensory Period (0-2 Years)
The child begins to develop the ability to play. Play reflects an activity stimulated by sounds, colors, movements, and textures. Play is a fundamental sensory-motor pleasure. It is characterized by repetition, practice, exploration, manipulation, and touching of sensitive areas. The receiver (sucks, touches, smells, looks, handles) is attracted to toys.
Preoperational Period (2-7 Years)
Repeated actions become habitual and are then projected
Read MorePhases of Learning and Behavior Modification Techniques
Phases of Learning
Cognitive Phase
In the cognitive phase, a greater number of errors is common. There is not much fluidity of movement or accuracy. There is a cognitive abstraction. The teacher is responsible for making the student identify the purpose of the activity and environmental conditions. This phase has a variable duration.
Associative Phase
The associative phase involves greater motor refinement. Fewer errors occur, and frequent errors are eliminated. Greater fluidity and movement coordination
Read MoreFrontotemporal and Lewy Body Dementias: Symptoms and Diagnosis
Frontotemporal Dementia
Primary Progressive Aphasia
Primary progressive aphasia (Measure 82) is characterized by an insidious alteration of language due to atrophy in the left perisylvian areas, in the absence of dementia. It involves a progressive loss of language that takes at least two years to develop. After these two years, cognitive symptoms appear. There are two types: fluent and nonfluent. It begins as aphasia and then progresses to dementia.
Manifestations
- Increased phonological errors
- Reduced
Understanding Learning: Types, Factors, and Disorders
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that reflects an acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, and may include research, instruction, observation, or practice. Associate learning with the acquisition of a new behavior, but it also leads to a decrease or loss of behavioral factors.
Factors Influencing Behavior Change
- Fatigue: It produces a change in behavior for a short time. Learning entails a more stable change.
- Maturation: This consists of behaviors which depend on