Human Behavior: Culture, Socialization, and Personality
Culture
Culture is received through education and learning.
- Social: According to Herder, society is a system of relationships that connects individuals. Culture represents social life.
- Plural: Each group possesses specific forms of culture.
- Symbol: Humans have an average vocabulary.
- Learned: The acquisition of culture requires instruction.
- Historical Consciousness: Culture is enriched through time.
Socialization
1. Childhood (Most Important)
- Customs, patterns, and social groups are acquired.
- Bonding occurs
Understanding Economics: Theories, Models, and Research
Economics is the science that studies the most convenient satisfaction of society’s scarce resources to obtain an ordered set of objectives.
Positive vs. Normative Economics
- Positive economics is defined as the science that seeks objective explanations of the functioning of economic phenomena; it deals with what is or could be.
- Normative economics, by contrast, offers prescriptions for action based on personal value judgments and subjective concerns about what should be.
Economics as a Science
The main
Read MoreSocial Psychology: Exploring the Impact of Others
What is Social Psychology?
Social psychology investigates how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.
What Do Social Psychologists Study?
Social psychologists primarily study behavior. This includes:
- Observable actions (e.g., running, speaking)
- Subtle actions (e.g., raised eyebrow, smile)
- Written communication
While behavior is publicly verifiable, its meaning can vary based on theoretical perspectives, cultural backgrounds,
Read MoreDescriptive Research: Longitudinal, Transversal, and Correlational Studies
Descriptive Research Objectives
Descriptive research aims to discover and interpret what is. It is used to explore, providing facts, data, and information, paving the way for new theories and research. It analyzes individuals, groups, institutions, materials, etc., to describe, compare, classify, analyze, and interpret.
Longitudinal Studies
Also known as follow-up studies (UK) or panel studies (USA), longitudinal studies are used to describe something over a period of time. They are often used in studies
Read MoreKey Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis for RBTs
Key Concepts in Applied Behavior Analysis
Motivating Operations (MO)
A Motivating Operation (MO) alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of a stimulus and alters the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus.
- Establishing Operation (EO): Makes a reinforcer more effective or valuable.
- Deprivation: Not having a reinforcer for some time increases its effectiveness.
- Abolishing Operation (AO): Makes a reinforcer less effective or valuable.
- Satiation: Having
Moral Education: Principles, Methods, and Development
Moral formation has often failed because there is no clear model to teach. It follows that while it is important to educate morally, there is no consensus on how to do so. The concept of moral education lies in leadership and the promotion of the offspring’s perfect state of being human, which is the state of virtue, encompassing both natural and supernatural virtues.
Humanity comprises the body (sensitive appetite, concupiscible and irascible passions) and the spiritual soul (intelligence, will)
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