Mental Health: Disorders, Therapy, and Professionals
Obsessions and Compulsions
- Obsessions: Unwanted thoughts, ideas, or mental images that occur over and over again.
- Compulsions: Repetitive ritual behaviors, often involving checking or cleaning something.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder: Intense, persistent feelings of anxiety that are caused by an experience so traumatic that it would produce stress in almost anyone.
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociation: Refers to the separation of certain personality components or
Read MoreKey Concepts in Psychology and Buddhism: A Comprehensive Analysis
Abraham Maslow and Self-Actualization
Abraham Maslow (1970) investigated why most people do not reach self-actualization. He proposed several reasons for this phenomenon. Two possible reasons are explained below:
- Fear of Risk-Taking: Growth often requires taking chances. According to Maslow, individuals frequently avoid these risks because their need for security outweighs their desire for growth. In essence, people are hesitant to venture into the unknown because they feel secure in their current
Major Psychological Theories: A Comparative Analysis
| Major | Theoretical Position and Represented Interests | Explanation of the Process/Method of Study | Perceptual Differences with Other Major Subjects of Study |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functionalism | Functional dimensions of psychological processes as instrumental in adaptation to the environment. | W. James, J. Dewey, J. R. Angell used several methods: introspection, experimental method, comparative method, etc. | Motivational factors, personal interest in adaptation to the environment that affect perception. Perception plays an instrumental |
Understanding Attitude Change, Prejudice, and Stereotypes
Attitude Formation and Change
Factors Influencing Attitude Change: Traditional approaches suggest that attitude change depends on the discrepancy between the receiver’s initial attitude and the message’s position. The source’s credibility is crucial, influenced by the receiver’s perception of the source’s competence and persuasive intent. Source appeal also plays a role. However, studies on message structure have yielded inconsistent results. Receiver characteristics, such as self-esteem, authoritarianism,
Read MoreKey Brain Regions and Their Functions in Cognition and Emotion
Tractography and the Stroop Test
Tractography is a magnetic resonance technique in which:
e. Both “a” and “b” as “c” are correct.
In the famous Stroop test, a person must:
a. Name the color that is written with a word.
The Papez Circuit and Working Memory
The Papez circuit has the connections to:
e. That emotions modulate attention and memory.
Part of the reason for raising Baddeley’s theory of working memory (WM) was that there was much evidence that:
b. WM was not uniform.
The Cingulate Gyrus and Attention
The
Read MoreScience Features, Freudian Economics, and Psychoanalytic Drive Theory
Common Features of Science
Scientific disciplines share these fundamental characteristics:
- They deal with phenomena occurring in the physical world.
- They begin with some common assumptions:
- Determinism: It is assumed that the world—particularly, the object of study of each discipline—is subject to order and that natural phenomena are interrelated in a certain and stable way.
- Finite Limits: Not everything is connected to everything. It is assumed that there is a limited number of factors or variables,