Research Methodology: Effective Data Collection & Analysis
Research Methodology
*By Claudia Calderón Flandez*
**First Steps: Preparation for Information Collection**
- Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing literature or, if necessary, an initial contextualization stage for the researcher.
- Formulation of Objectives: Clearly define the research objectives.
- Research Design: Develop a work plan that includes sample selection, method selection, and data collection techniques.
- Plan for Information Collection or Production: Determine the method and
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: Structure and Development
Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory in the early 1900s. According to his theory, conscious experience is only a small part of our psychological makeup and experience. He argued that much of our behavior is motivated by the unconscious, a part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, and instincts of which the individual is not aware. The contents of the unconscious far surpass in quantity the information in our conscious awareness. For Freud, much of our personality
Read MoreOrganizational Culture: Types, Subcultures, and Socialization
Types of Culture
Some organizations have a dominant culture, while others have multiple cultures simultaneously. Culture can be bureaucratic, where rules, policies, and procedures are formalized and regulated. Characteristics of these organizations include certainty, hierarchy, and strict organization.
Culture Features
- Clan: Being part of a working family, continuing tradition and ritual, teamwork and spirit, self-direction, and social influence. Members help each other.
- Culture-based business: Innovation,
Levinson’s Stages of Adult Male Development
Sociology
Adult Male Development
Psychologist Daniel Levinson and his colleagues at Yale University undertook an intensive long-term study to determine the adult male development stages.
The research team, including psychologists, sociologists, and psychiatrists, conducted in-depth interviews with 40 men between the ages of 35 and 45, across four broad occupational categories.
A life structure is the combination of status, roles, activities, goals, values, beliefs, and life circumstances that characterize
Read MoreEnhancing Teaching Skills: Techniques and Empowerment
Enhancing Teaching Skills
Teaching skills include variation of stimuli, awareness as introduction, integration of knowledge, nonverbal silence, strengthening motivation, and sequential learning.
Conclusions
Theoretical and conceptual learning has limited impact on skills, competencies, attitudes, values, and feelings. Support with other methods is crucial, such as prior cases or simulations, post-gate synthesis simulations, and substitute readings for discussion. Finding a suitable teacher can be difficult.
Read MoreBiological, Psychological, and Sociological Theories of Crime
Biological Theories of Crime and Deviance
Biological theories attempt to explain crime and deviance by examining biological characteristics.
Theory of the Born Criminal: Broca and Lombroso
Broca and Lombroso believed that the types of offenders could be identified by the shape of the skull. They accepted the influence of learning in criminal behavior but believed that most criminals were biologically degenerate or abnormal. Subsequently, theories were developed to explain the family tree and the hereditary
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