Social Psychology: Key Concepts, Assumptions & Applications
Social Psychology Summary
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Understanding the 5 Stages of Children’s Drawing Development
Drawing Stages of Infant Development
A child, in the process of creating their world, goes through a series of drawing stages:
- Involuntary Drawing (Scribbling Stage, 2-4 years). This is the most important part. It is involuntary, characterized by messy scrawls.
- Realism Training (Pre-schematic Stage, 4-7 years).
- Intended Realism (Schematic Stage, 7-9 years).
- Visual Realism (Pseudorealistic Stage, 12-14 years).
- Adolescent Crisis (14-17 years).
Evolution of Graphics
This process provides guidance to the teacher
Read MoreSchizophrenia, Schizophreniform, and Schizoaffective Disorders
F20.xx Schizophrenia
Characteristic symptoms: Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated):
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms, such as affective flattening, alogia, or apathy
Note: Only one symptom is required in Criterion A if delusions are bizarre, or if delusions consist of a voice commenting on
Read MorePositive Psychology: Free Will, Goodness, and Happiness
Positive Psychology
Acknowledgement of Free Will
- Positive psychology acknowledges that we have free will, rather than being determined by internal or external factors.
- We have the ability to choose, grow, and respond actively to events around us.
- Since we have control over our own behavior, happiness is accessible to us all.
- As humans, we are self-directing and adaptive. A good life can be experienced if we use our strengths and virtues to enhance our lives.
Authenticity of Goodness and Excellence
- According
Reinforcement Programs and Learning Types
Types of Reinforcement Programs
- Programs of Reason: Reinforcement depends on the number of responses emitted by the subject.
- Interval Programs: Reinforcement depends on the time since the previous administration of the reinforcing stimulus.
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
In these programs, reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses. Examples include salary, hourly study breaks, or giving a reward after a lever press. This leads to a high rate of response, and there is a pause immediately after the
Read MoreUnderstanding Psychogenic Factors and Deviant Behavior
Understanding Psychogenic Factors
In a first approximation, the behavior disorder is due to inadequate development of the superego. As for these individuals, moral values just have not been learned through experience or by repeated punishments. Generally, they have to suffer or adapt their behavior to group norms, reacting continuously at the mercy of their impulses. A second psychological interpretation of the types of conduct disorder is regarded as attempts to avoid intimate situations or problems
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