Leadership Traits, Styles, and Development
Personal Characteristics of Leaders
Personal Characteristics: Stable attributes that make each person unique, including their physical, social, and psychological traits.
- Emotional Intelligence: A set of abilities that enable individuals to recognize and understand their own and others’ feelings and emotions.
- Self-Awareness: Ability to recognize and understand your moods, emotions, and drives, and their impact on others.
- Self-Control: Ability to regulate and redirect one’s own impulses, moods, and desires.
Participant Observation in Qualitative Research
Observer Roles and Their Implications
c) Observer as Participant: In this role, the rules become clearer as the situation evolves. You will gain access to certain information if you have earned the trust and respect of the informants. However, this approach should not be idealized, as it can carry a high cost for the researcher.
d) Total Observer: This role maintains the desired distance to avoid influencing the subjects of observation. However, this type of covert observation can lead to serious
Read MoreUnderstanding Hysteria: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Conversion Hysteria
Important: The conversion symptom focuses on a body part, and the symptomatology has a social function. There are three types of symptoms expressed at the body level:
- Conversion Hysteria: Symptoms are expressed in the body, and that sector is not causal. It aims to say something.
- Psychosomatic: The body responds to the type of somatization, which can be inherited from the family. When the person is unable to develop, the body responds, and the general body area affected is more
Understanding Human Behavior: Emotions, Psychology, and the Brain
Physiological Responses and Emotional Excitation
Excitation manifests as an accelerated heart rate, muscle tension, tingling in the stomach, and dryness in the mouth. These physiological responses can be triggered by various stimuli, including watching a horror movie, experiencing boredom, or engaging in sexual activity.
Lie Detection and Nonverbal Communication
Lie detectors measure changes in respiration, pulse, blood pressure, and sweat. Nonverbal communication plays a crucial role in expressing
Read MoreSocial Psychology: Key Figures and Theories
Early Influences on Social Psychology
Aristotle believed that humans were naturally sociable, a necessity which allows us to live together (an individual-centered approach), whilst Plato felt that the state controlled the individual and encouraged social responsibility through social context (a socio-centered approach).
Hegel (1770–1831) introduced the concept that society has inevitable links with the development of the social mind. This led to the idea of a group mind, important in the study of
Read MoreChild Development: Key Concepts and Stages
Key Concepts in Child Development
Piaget’s Theory
Centration
Centration is the process by which a child focuses on only one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features.
Accommodation
Accommodation refers to the modification of existing mental structures to incorporate new information or experiences.
Circular Reactions
Primary circular reactions are repetitive behavioral sequences that focus on the infant’s own body and occur by chance.
Reversibility
Reversibility is the ability to mentally
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