Substance Use & Substance-Induced Disorders: Key Facts
Substance Use & Substance-Induced Disorder Cheat Sheet
Substance Use Disorders (SUD)
Definition: Maladaptive patterns of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress.
Criteria (DSM-5):
- Tolerance: Needing more of the substance to achieve the same effect.
- Withdrawal: Physical or psychological symptoms when reducing or stopping substance use.
- Loss of Control: Inability to control substance use.
- Time Spent: A lot of time spent acquiring or using the substance.
- Neglect of Activities: Giving
Research Paradigms, Methods, and Hypothesis Formulation
Research Paradigms
Paradigm: Is the set of beliefs and attitudes that form a shared vision of the world within a group, leading to the adoption of a specific methodology.
Paradigms:
Positivist:
- Tries to adopt the model of the physical sciences.
- Assumes that reality exists independently outside the human mind.
- The relationship between the object and the subject of research is devoid of values (scientific objectivity).
- The methodology is experimental and interventionist.
- The relationship between variables
Common Age-Related Health Issues & Spiritual Care
Common Age-Related Health Problems
Problems in Women
Dyspareunia: Painful intercourse can be caused by vaginal dryness, tumors, or infections. Vaginal infections are common. Uterine prolapse can also occur. Tumors of the cervix, uterus, and ovaries are more prevalent in old age.
Treatment options to delay and diminish age-related changes:
- Hormone therapy during menopause.
- Topical estrogen (ovules).
- Vaginal lubricants.
Problems in Men
Impotence: It is crucial to diagnose whether erectile dysfunction is organic
Read MoreLaw and Psychology: Understanding the Intersection
Why Two Worlds Destined to Connect?
- Because there is no shadow of a doubt that the differences between these two fields of knowledge are extremely significant and, at first glance, seem insurmountable:
- Law: A positive, rational science that deals with legal facts and objective reality. It is the set of rules aimed at regulating human behavior, prescribing behaviors, and ways of conflict resolution; interrogation and testimony.
- Psychology: An empirical science that deals with human drama and the reality
Understanding Group Dynamics in Social Research
The Influence of Group Dynamics
Individuals belong to primary and secondary groups (family, workgroups), and their participation is often subject to the group’s norms and values. The group can influence its members’ perspectives, sometimes differing from those outside the group.
Groupality and Individual Behavior
Groupality demonstrates that people are not entirely autonomous. Our actions are influenced by group interactions, even when they appear independent.
The Group in Social Research
Current research
Read MoreBrain Function: Memory, Sleep, Cognition, and Aphasia
The Importance of Forgetting
- Retrieve information/memory: To bring back, to remember information.
- Retrieval of information: The process of getting information back.
- The brain can’t keep holding onto everything; it doesn’t have the capacity to keep every piece of information.
- Dredge up: To ruminate.
- Ruminate: To think carefully for a long time.
- To shut memories out: To avoid thinking about those memories.
- To shut memories down: To avoid thinking but remember later.
- To forget on purpose: To forget things