Organization behavior models and theories
Morale – Meaning, Factors Influencing It & Its Relation with Job Satisfaction
Introduction
In an organization, employees are the most valuable asset. Their efficiency depends not only on their skills but also on their mental and emotional state. One of the key concepts that reflects this state is morale. High morale leads to better performance, while low morale results in dissatisfaction and poor productivity.
Meaning of Morale
Morale refers to the collective attitude, confidence, enthusiasm,
Human Development, Sleep Cycles, and Behavioral Psychology
Prenatal Development Stages
Prenatal development occurs in three stages: germinal, embryonic, and fetal. The germinal stage involves fertilization and implantation. The embryonic stage involves organ development, and the fetal stage involves growth and maturation. Teratogens are harmful environmental agents, such as drugs and alcohol, that can damage the developing fetus. For example, alcohol use during pregnancy can cause Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which leads to physical abnormalities and cognitive
Read MoreCognitive Psychology: Understanding Mind and Memory
1. Foundations of Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology is defined as the scientific study of knowledge and thought. It is a broad field that investigates how knowledge is acquired, retained, and used, covering topics such as perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning, and decision-making.
The Shift from Introspection to Behaviorism
Using introspection (self-observation) was considered problematic because some thoughts are unconscious, and it is impossible to scientifically test or resolve
Read MoreOccupational Therapy: Sensory Integration and Clinical Practice
Sensory Integration (SI)
Definition
Sensory Integration is the brain’s ability to take in information from the body and environment, organize it properly, and use it to act in a coordinated, meaningful way. When this process isn’t smooth, it can affect behavior, emotions, learning, and how a child participates in everyday life.
Key Assumptions of SI Theory (Ayres)
These are the “rules” SI is built on:
- The brain is plastic: It can change with experience.
- Sensory integration develops over time.
- The
প্রাচীন ভারতের ইতিহাস: হরপ্পা থেকে মৌর্য যুগ পর্যন্ত
১. হরপ্পান লিপি (Harappan Script)
হরপ্পান বা সিন্ধু লিপি হলো প্রাচীন ভারতের অন্যতম রহস্যময় লিপি। এর প্রধান বৈশিষ্ট্যগুলো হলো:
- চিত্রলিপি: এই লিপি মূলত পিক্টোগ্রাফিক বা চিত্রলিপি, যেখানে চিহ্ন এবং ছবির মাধ্যমে
Adolescent Development: Biology, Psychology, and Mental Health
Adolescence: A Transitional Phase
Adolescence is a profound transitional phase between childhood and adulthood, characterized by rapid biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes. It is often described as a period of “storm and stress” (as termed by G. Stanley Hall), though modern psychology views it more as a constructive period of identity formation.
1. The Nature of Adolescence
Adolescence is more than just physical growth; it is a total overhaul of the individual’s identity and capabilities.
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