Evolution of Families: Structures, Functions, and Theories
Families through time:
- Hunter-Gatherers: Early human societies relying on hunting, fishing, and gathering for survival.
- Agricultural: Emergence of settled farming communities.
- Pre-Industrial: Society characterized by agrarian economy and extended family households.
- Urban-Industrial: Industrial revolution and urbanization leading to changes in family structure.
- Modern Consumer: Shift towards consumer-oriented societies.
- Contemporary: Current family structures and dynamics.
Family forms:
- Nuclear family: Two
Understanding Big Five Personality Traits and Cultural Values
Big Five Personality Traits
Conscientiousness – dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering.
Conscientiousness has the biggest influence on job performance.
Conscientious employees prioritize accomplishment striving, which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality.
Agreeableness – warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous.
Prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance
Read MoreManagement History and Functions: Classical to Contemporary Perspectives
Why learn- Social, political, and economic changes impact management practices. Knowing history helps observe these forces’ impact on organizations. Learn from the past to adapt to current challenges and prepare for the future.
Classical perspective- industrialization perspective- Emphasizes a rational, scientific approach to management focused on efficiency, structure, and clear hierarchies.
- Scientific management (F.W. Taylor)- scientifically determined jobs and management practices to improve efficiency
Cognitive Development and Gender Identity
Cognitive Development:
Is the construction of the thought process, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. (Piaget believes that cognitive development is universal, meaning that everyone matured in the same way, no matter what.– children all around the world, regardless of the culture they are in, or the way that their parents teach, the child will always say their first words around one year ALL AROUND THE WORLD)
Piaget’s Stages
Program Evaluation and Experimental Design Glossary
1. | Attrition | The loss of participants in the course of a study when they fail to complete it | ||
2. | Contamination | Occurs when knowledge, services, or other experiences intended for one group are unintentionally received by another group (when future participants learn information from previous participants that they are not supposed to know until after data collected is completed) | ||
3. | Efficiency Assessment | In program evaluation, the process of weighing the program’s benefits and effectiveness in relation to | ||
The modern subject is the subject of the sciences.
Pre-Lecture: Casual Interference
Notation
A: Exposure
Y: Outcome
L: Measured known covariates
Can condition
U: Unmeasured covariates
Can never condition
Counterfactual
What would have happened to the exposed had they not been exposed?
What would have happened to the person who got treatment A, had they got treatment B?
The Causal Effect for an Individual
Potential outcomes or counterfactual outcomes:
Ya=1
Y under treatment a=1
Outcomes variable that would have been observed under treatment a=1
Ya=0
Outcome