Understanding Consumer Behavior: Psychology Principles
Psychology and Consumer Behavior
Psychology: The study of human behavior and its bodily manifestations, conscious or unconscious.
Social behaviors (we all align similarly). Bodily behavior.
Unconscious Behaviors
Unconscious behaviors: These are drives (unexpected), obsessive behaviors or routines, and needs arising from the unconscious.
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis: Describes certain behaviors at a conscious or unconscious level.
Oedipus Complex
Describes the birth of personality.
Marketing will lack emotional
Read MoreKey Concepts in Psychology: Conditioning, Learning, and Personality
Defense Mechanisms
According to Freud, anxiety is the price we pay for civilization. As members of society, we must control our impulses and not act on them. Thus, we protect ourselves from experiencing negative feelings, like guilt and anxiety, through defense mechanisms. Defense mechanisms are unconscious mental operations that minimize anxiety by denying or distorting reality.
Example: Repression is the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from
Read MoreUnderstanding Interpersonal Dynamics and Social Connections
Key Concepts in Social Interaction and Group Formation
Interpersonal Dynamics and Social Connections
Artist’s Circle: A small group of peers who work together for an extended period (a collaborative circle).
Five-Factor Model: A model of the primary dimensions that structure individual differences in personality.
- Extraversion: The degree to which an individual tends to seek out social contacts.
- Agreeableness: The degree to which an individual tends to respond positively across situations.
Relationality:
Read MoreUnderstanding Newborn Assessment and Child Development
Apgar Score: Newborn Assessment
The Apgar score is a standard scoring system that allows hospitals to quickly and objectively assess the state of a newborn.
- Appearance (color of the child)
- Pulse (heart rate)
- Grimace (reflex irritability)
- Activity (muscle tone)
- Respiration (respiratory effort of the baby)
Understanding Child Development
Physical Development and Health
Reflexes: Automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimuli.
Visual Preference: The tendency of an infant to look at certain stimuli more
Read MoreUnderstanding Psychosexual Development Stages
Psychosexual Development
The individual goes through different stages of evolution in which changes occur in themselves and their relationships with others. These are called stages of evolution of the libido; libido is the energy that corresponds to sexuality.
In these phases, the individual seeks various forms of sexual satisfaction and fantasies.
Latency Stage
It is a stage that is used in acquiring the necessary skills for life. They forget childhood sexual experiences, and this allows for schooling.
Read MorePsychological Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Understanding Psychological Abnormality
Abnormality emphasizes that psychological disorders exist on a spectrum, characterized by the 4 D’s:
- Dysfunction: Impairment in normal functioning.
- Distress: Emotional pain, suffering, or discomfort experienced by oneself or others.
- Deviance: Infrequent behaviors that deviate from societal norms.
- Dangerousness: Behaviors that result in harm to oneself or others.
Cultural Relativism: Norms and values are culturally specific; there are no universal standards for abnormality.
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