Developmental Psychology Concepts and Theories
Core Debates and Theories
Three Core Debates in Developmental Psychology
- Nature vs. Nurture: The debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture. Nature refers to an organism’s biology and genetics. Nurture refers to its environmental experiences and influences.
- Stability-Change Issue: The debate about the degree to which early personality traits and characteristics persist through life or change. Does the individual (a) become an older version of the early self, with
Understanding Unaccompanied Minors in the Juvenile Justice System
Unaccompanied Minors in the Juvenile Justice System
When children, whether Spanish or foreign, enter the juvenile justice system for having committed a crime, the judge may impose measures based not only on the type of crime committed but also on personal, family, and social factors. Recently, both the number of measures and the number of them imposed have increased. This is consistent with the expansion of material and human resources for the implementation of these measures across the country.
Read MorePsychology Concepts: Consciousness, Sleep, IQ
Understanding Consciousness
Views on Consciousness
The Freudian Viewpoint
Three levels of awareness:
- Conscious mind: Contains thoughts and perceptions of which we are aware.
- Preconscious: Mental events that are outside current awareness but can easily be recalled.
- Unconscious: Events that cannot be brought into conscious awareness under ordinary circumstances.
The Cognitive View
Cognitive psychologists reject the notion of an unconscious mind driven by instinctive urges and repressed conflicts. Rather,
Read MoreSociology of Education: Teachers, Students, Schools
Faculty: Teachers’ Role and Status
Origin and status of teachers:
- Men: Class path via media.
- Women: Platform to remain in the class of origin.
In the teachings of the 21st century: upper-middle class social position. Proletarianization. Position more prestigious than before.
Reasons for Choosing Teaching
- Contact with young people
- Job tenure
- Salary
Rewards
- Intrinsic (subjective, the most privileged)
- Extrinsic (objective, tend to be denied and distributed equally)
- Subordinated: holidays (have a deterrent function
Social Psychology Fundamentals: Behavior, Influence, Research
Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology
Defining Social Psychology
Social Psychology is the science that studies how situations influence us, with special attention to how people view and affect one another.
The Social Situation
The social situation is the combination of people, environmental factors, and social cues that influence an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors at a given time.
- Objective vs. Subjective Reality:
- Objective Reality: A factual state of affairs; what is actually happening.
Understanding Research Methodologies and Ethical Considerations
Describe Scientific Ways of Thinking in Research
- Empiricism, testing theories, working in a community, tackling basic and applied problems, making their work public, and communicating with the world.
- Make systematic observations, operational definitions, reliability and validity, appropriate research methods, and evaluation of theory.
- Aim to be systematic and rigorous, allowing their work to be independently verifiable.
Describe the Theory-Data Cycle
- Theory leads researchers to pose specific research