Communication: Verbal, Nonverbal, and Barriers
School of Communication Under the Code
We must differentiate between verbal and nonverbal communication. It is mostly verbal.
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication affects mainly the aspect of relationships, conveying information about personality, status, and social origin. Nonverbal communication channels include:
- Hearing: Pitch, intensity, volume, timbre, intonation…
- Visual: Facial expressions, gestures, and body movements.
- Interpersonal Distance
- External Appearance, Touch, Smell
Features
Read MoreIntroduction to Health Psychology
Sleep
Sleep – Periodic, natural loss of consciousness
Stages of Sleep
Brain waves detected by EEG (electroencephalography); Cycle through 4 stages ~ every 90 minutes:
- Non-REM 1: slowed breathing, sometimes sensations of floating/falling
- Non-REM 2: clearly asleep
- Non-REM 3: slower brain waves, harder to waken; sleepwalking, sleep talking can occur
- REM – fast eye movements, dreaming
Sleep feeds creative thinking.
How Does Sleep Affect Mental Health?
Lack of sleep can lead to:
- Irritability (chronic lack of
Interviews and Questionnaires: Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages
L to Interview
An interview, along with a questionnaire survey, is a technical social research method that follows the same steps as scientific research. The only difference is that, at the data collection stage, data is obtained through a set of oral or written questions, which are answered by the people involved in the problem under study.
S Difference Between the Interview and Questionnaire
The interview generally has an oral character, while the questionnaire has a written character.
In an interview,
Read MoreTypes of Groups and Leadership Approaches in Sports
ITEM-8: Types of Groups
Crowd
A crowd is characterized by many individuals with little connection between them, whose goals are not always clear. Their feelings and beliefs are in a state of latency.
Band
A band is a group with a few individuals seeking similarity. The similarity becomes the basis of the relationship; the individual surrenders to his nature, and his actions are justified by the fact that he belongs and is just another member of the band.
Clustering
A variable number of tens to hundreds
Read MoreEpidemiology: Principles, Applications, and Measurement Scales
Areas Where Epidemiology is Applied
Health-Disease-Environment
Quantification of Epidemiological Phenomena
Using Natural Experiments in Causative Research
Research Method of John Snow
He did it as follows:
- Diagnosis of epidemic.
- Chronological distribution of cases.
- Spatial distribution.
- Survey and analysis of other attributes.
- Set cause.
- Recommendations.
- Present a report with the conclusions reached.
Experimental Studies
The epidemiological study is based on counting and observing. Experience would be a very
Read MoreUnderstanding Neural Plasticity and Human Development
Neural Plasticity
Neural plasticity is the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by changing the pattern of neural connections as we learn. This essentially means the brain can rewire itself. There are three main levels of connectivity:
- Pathways between brain areas
- Connections between individual neurons
- Individual synapses
Levels of Connectivity
Coarsest Level: Brain Areas and Pathways
This level involves brain areas and the pathways between them. It is primarily shaped during the prenatal and early postnatal
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