Transitive Reasoning: Principles, Models, and Decision-Making Theories
The Three Principles of the Linguistic Model Explaining Transitive Reasoning
- Principle of Functional Relationships: Relationships such as subject, predicate, verb, and direct object are stored and retrieved with priority to other marking information.
- Principle of Lexicon: Some bipolar adjectives are asymmetrical, so that some adjectives are neutral with respect to the magnitude of the scale, while others assume one end of the congruence scale.
- Principle of Congruence: Information retrieval is easier
Historical and Contemporary Perspectives in Education and Psychology
Binet and Simons: Pioneers in Intelligence Testing
In 1894, the French government commissioned a study on abnormal children, which led to the development of an intelligence scale by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.
Pinel: Advocate for Mental Health Reform
In 1793, Philippe Pinel released patients from mental institutions and advocated for the abolition of corporal punishment and equal treatment for the mentally ill.
Esquirol: Distinguishing Mental Illness
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol distinguished
Read MoreFostering Learner Autonomy: Insights from Educational Thinking in ELT
What Insights Can We Gain from Educational Thinking on Autonomous Learning?
The concept of learner autonomy in English Language Teaching (ELT) draws heavily from educational thinking, particularly the principle of self-determination. Self-determination emphasizes the learner’s (L) capacity for reflection, decision-making, and independent thought. Barrow and Woods describe it as encompassing “the notion of thinking in the sense of reflecting, calculating, memorizing, predicting, judging and deciding”
Read MoreResearch Methods: A Comprehensive Guide for Students and Researchers
Research Methods: A Comprehensive Guide
Problem Statement
A well-articulated problem statement clearly defines the research problem and provides an argument that justifies the need for the study.
Purpose Statement
The purpose statement outlines the specific aim or goal of the study.
Variables
Independent Variables
- Presumed cause or influence
- Causes a change in the outcome of interest
- May be an intervention
Dependent Variable
- Presumed effect or outcome variable
- Variable researchers are trying to understand,
Quantitative Research Approach: Methods, Designs, and Variable Control
Quantitative Research Approach
Introduction
The quantitative approach is a systematic and objective method for collecting, processing, and analyzing numerical data to establish relationships between variables and test hypotheses. It involves the use of mathematical and statistical techniques to quantify and analyze data.
Features of Quantitative Research
- Variability: Observations on the same issue with different values.
- Validity: The extent to which scientific explanations of events coincide with reality.
Sociology of Crime and Criminal Behavior: A Comprehensive Review
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF THE CONTENTS OF ASPVC
CLASS 01
1.1As research based on the biology of criminal behavior have been scientifically proven? What can we say about the biology of criminal behavior?
Since the investigations of Lombroso (item 1.2) in the nineteenth century, until research with magnetic resonance imaging, searches for answer to the question of whether biological basis for criminal behavior have not yet reached a definitive result. AA Gall’s theory was not fruitful because there