Communication Theory: Key Concepts and Models
Elements of the Transactional Communication Model
Environment: fields of experience that help make sense of others’ behavior. Sender: one trying to get message across. Receiver: the one getting message. Noise: prevents message from being sent (types: external, physiological, psychological). Message: what’s being communicated. Channel: the medium where messages are exchanged.
Insights from the Transactional Communication Model
1. Sending and receiving are usually simultaneous (Since both people
Read MoreUnderstanding and Treating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric illness that affects many individuals worldwide. It is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors or mental acts. People with OCD often experience intense anxiety or distress due to their obsessions, which can range from fears of contamination to concerns about order or symmetry. Historically, OCD was considered untreatable. However, research has shown that different therapies can help alleviate symptoms.
Exposure and
Read MoreUnderstanding Research Designs and Literature Reviews
CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
Research Designs: Unpacking the Toolbox
In the world of psychology research, asking the right questions is just the beginning. To effectively answer those questions, researchers need to choose the most appropriate design for their study. Just like a toolbox has different tools for different jobs, research has various designs suited to specific purposes. This guide will delve into four key dimensions that categorize research designs:
Purpose:
What is the research aiming to
Learning Disabilities and Intellectual Disabilities: An Overview
Types of Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia
Difficulty processing language (Problems reading, writing, spelling, and speaking)
Dyscalculia
(Problems doing math, understanding time, and using money)
Dysgraphia
(writing, spelling, organizing ideas)
Dyspraxia (Sensory Integration Disorder)
(Problems with hand-eye coordination, balance, and manual dexterity) (fine motor skills)
Auditory Processing Disorder
(Hearing differences between sounds) Problems with reading, comprehension, language
Visual Processing Disorder
(
Read MoreUnderstanding Gender Violence: Types, Consequences, and Resources
Understanding Gender Violence
Ill-treatment Characteristics and Types
Gender violence refers to violence directed at individuals based on their gender, primarily targeting women. This encompasses various forms of abuse, including:
- Physical Violence: Acts like pushing, biting, punching, etc., that are outwardly visible.
- Psychological Violence: Involves threats, insults, humiliation, and manipulation, often accompanying other forms of abuse.
- Economic Violence: Controlling the victim’s access to finances,
Behavioural Ecology
DEFINITIONS:
Behavioural Ecology
- study of the evolutionary basis for animal behaviour due to ecological pressures
Semiochemicals
- Chemicals that mediate interactions between organisms
Evolutionary arms race
- ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, phenotypic and behavioural traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling the geopolitical concept of an arms race
Altruism
- behaviour of an animal that benefits another at its own expense
Reciprocity
- the