Understanding Speech and Communication Disorders
Special Needs and Speech Disorders
Speech disorders often stem from special needs and disabilities related to speaking or writing. These challenges can be categorized into various groups based on their causes and characteristics.
Pathological Groups
Disabilities can be classified by their origin:
- Inherited or Congenital Disabilities: Present from birth.
- Acquired Disabilities: Develop later in life, potentially temporarily.
- Neurological Degeneration: Result from the progressive decline of the nervous system.
Memory and Intelligence: Concepts, Stages, and Functions
1. Memory: Concept, Stages, and Abnormal Memory: Amnesia
Memory is a powerful faculty residing within our psyche. In Greek, mnemo referred to the power of memory, and history named the specific acts of this power that constitute our memories.
Definition
Memory is the ability to bring past states of consciousness to the present, referencing the time spent and recognized by the subject as past and their own. The distinguishing feature of memory is recognition. Thus, memory is based on re-sane. Memories
Read MoreCognitive, Behavioral, and Biological Therapies for Psychological Disorders
Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies
1. Why Cognitive and Behavior Therapies Share the Same Goal
Both cognitive and behavior therapies aim to help individuals develop new ways of thinking and behaving.
2. Characteristics of Cognitive Therapy
- Modifies people’s way of thinking
- Improves emotional health
3. Two Most Widely Used Cognitive Therapy Methods
- Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
- Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
4. Process According to Ellis: How People Develop Emotional Problems
People develop emotional
Read MoreUnderstanding Psychopathy: Theories and Characteristics
Psychopathy: Concept and Characteristics
Psychopathy is a concept reserved for individuals who exhibit antisocial behaviors and a lack of socialization. They are incapable of loyalty, extremely selfish, irresponsible, and have a low tolerance for frustration.
Key Characteristics of Psychopathy
- Inability to experience emotional responses
- Irresistible tendency to act impulsively
- Secondary antisocial behaviors: aggression, lack of motivation
Untreated psychopathy can lead to criminal charges due to the individual’
Read MoreMemory: A Comprehensive Guide to Its Types, Functions, and Neurobiology
Memory: A Complex Functional System
Memory is a complex functional system that is organized in different levels, active by nature, and unfolds in time through a series of successive links. It has no specific place where it is located.
Multialmacen Theory
Short-Term Memory (STM)
- There is no index to measure the ability of the STM.
- STM capacity depends on the type of task and type of recovery requested, not a fixed number.
- Recovery rates influence the amount of information held in STM.
- These indices appear
Child Development Analysis: Cognitive, Affective, Language & Social Aspects
Cognitive Development
Preoperational Stage (Approximately 2-7 Years Old)
Egocentricism:
- Sometimes appears absorbed in their own world and may not respond to questions directly.
- Focuses intently on the interview process (this behavior is expected to decrease with age, ideally by around 4 years old).
- Engages in storytelling and readily discusses personal experiences.
- Provides specific details in their narratives and uses gestures to convey age accurately.
Intuitive Thinking (Typical of 4-6 Year Olds):
- Demonstrates