Understanding Unaccompanied Minors in the Juvenile Justice System

Unaccompanied Minors in the Juvenile Justice System

When children, whether Spanish or foreign, enter the juvenile justice system for having committed a crime, the judge may impose measures based not only on the type of crime committed but also on personal, family, and social factors. Recently, both the number of measures and the number of them imposed have increased. This is consistent with the expansion of material and human resources for the implementation of these measures across the country.

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Psychology Concepts: Consciousness, Sleep, IQ

Understanding Consciousness

Views on Consciousness

The Freudian Viewpoint

Three levels of awareness:

  • Conscious mind: Contains thoughts and perceptions of which we are aware.
  • Preconscious: Mental events that are outside current awareness but can easily be recalled.
  • Unconscious: Events that cannot be brought into conscious awareness under ordinary circumstances.

The Cognitive View

Cognitive psychologists reject the notion of an unconscious mind driven by instinctive urges and repressed conflicts. Rather,

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Sociology of Education: Teachers, Students, Schools

Faculty: Teachers’ Role and Status

Origin and status of teachers:

  • Men: Class path via media.
  • Women: Platform to remain in the class of origin.

In the teachings of the 21st century: upper-middle class social position. Proletarianization. Position more prestigious than before.

Reasons for Choosing Teaching

  • Contact with young people
  • Job tenure
  • Salary

Rewards

  • Intrinsic (subjective, the most privileged)
  • Extrinsic (objective, tend to be denied and distributed equally)
  • Subordinated: holidays (have a deterrent function
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Social Psychology Fundamentals: Behavior, Influence, Research

Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Psychology

Defining Social Psychology

Social Psychology is the science that studies how situations influence us, with special attention to how people view and affect one another.

The Social Situation

The social situation is the combination of people, environmental factors, and social cues that influence an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors at a given time.

  • Objective vs. Subjective Reality:
    • Objective Reality: A factual state of affairs; what is actually happening.
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Understanding Research Methodologies and Ethical Considerations

Describe Scientific Ways of Thinking in Research

  • Empiricism, testing theories, working in a community, tackling basic and applied problems, making their work public, and communicating with the world.
  • Make systematic observations, operational definitions, reliability and validity, appropriate research methods, and evaluation of theory.
  • Aim to be systematic and rigorous, allowing their work to be independently verifiable.

Describe the Theory-Data Cycle

  • Theory leads researchers to pose specific research
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Key Concepts in Psychology

Schools of Thought

Structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt aimed to study the mind’s basic structure using tools like measuring reaction time to flickering light.

Functionalism

This American school of thought focused on how people adapt to their environment, how the mind works, and what its functions are. It emphasized the practical application of psychological knowledge.

Gestalt Psychology

Founded by German psychologists in the 20th century, Gestalt psychology emphasized the importance of consciousness and perception

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