Psychology: Theories, History, and Key Figures
Psychology: A Comprehensive Overview
Major Psychological Theories
Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic theory posits that childhood experiences and unconscious desires significantly influence behavior.
Sigmund Freud, a key figure in this theory, emphasized the role of the unconscious mind and the impact of early childhood experiences on adult behavior.
Humanistic Theory
Humanistic theory emphasizes free will and the inherent potential for growth and self-actualization. It suggests that individuals are
Read MoreJob Analysis, Evaluation, and Selection in Modern Organizations
1.What is Job evaluation? Under what circumstances salary higher or lower than that indicated by the job evaluation?Job evaluation, is process of determining a legal & equitable occupational compensatory system to attract, keppp motivate & provide job security for new & ecisting employees. Two main components, internal & external pay equity.First stage of internal pay equity is Identifying compensable job factors, which differentiates the relative jobs worth. Considers: levels of
Read MoreSocial Psychology and Personality: Key Concepts and Theories
Social Psychology
Social Perception & Cognition
Social perception & cognition refers to the mental processes that help us collect and remember information about others, and make inferences and judgments based on it.
- Primacy effect: The first impression is the strongest.
- Stereotype: A generalized belief about a group of people. We tend to remember unusual qualities more readily than ordinary ones.
- Prejudice: An irrationally unfavorable attitude toward a group of people.
- Aversive racism: The behavior
Nature vs. Nurture: Exploring the Determinants of Gender Identity
It seems undeniable that as a species we are as much the result of a long process of biological evolution as we are of cultural development. Therefore, although the relationships between the natural and the cultural are understood in different ways, both aspects form part of who we are. Humans can be male or female, a biological characteristic called sex. Gender, on the other hand, refers to the socially constructed roles, actions, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that a particular culture associates
Read MoreData Collection Techniques in Research
Data Collection Techniques
Observation
Note:
- Definition: Observation involves intentionally watching a situation or behavior to understand its facts and aspects. It entails paying attention to everything that happens and then writing down or recording the observations.
Steps:
- Determine the purpose, situation, or event to be observed.
- Determine the objectives of the observation (what you want to learn).
- Determine how you will record the data.
- Observe carefully and critically.
- Record the observed data.
- Analyze
Data Collection Techniques in Social Sciences
Data Collection Techniques
Observation
Note:
Definition: Observation involves intentionally watching a situation or behavior to gather facts and understand its aspects. It entails paying attention to everything that happens and then writing down or recording the observations.
Steps:
- Determine the purpose, situation, or event to be observed.
- Determine the objectives of the observation (what you want to learn).
- Determine how you will record the data.
- Observe carefully and critically.
- Record the observed data.