Sociology: Society, Culture, and Individual Interaction
Sociology
Concept
Sociology is the social science that studies human group life, including communities, family roles, institutions, and human interaction.
The term “sociology” was coined in 1838 by Auguste Comte in his work, “Positive Philosophy.”
Etymology
The term “sociology” combines “socio” (companion or society) and “logos” (study).
Sociology, the study of society as a whole, encompasses history, anthropology, and political science.
Divisions
History
History studies the past of humanity.
Anthropology
Anthropology
Read MoreBiological Positivism and Criminology: Exploring the Biological Roots of Crime
Biological Positivism in Criminology
Influence of Positivism on Biological Models of Crime
Positivism in criminology, stemming from the work of Cesare Lombroso, seeks to identify biological factors that contribute to criminal behavior. This approach contrasts with sociological and environmental theories of crime. The main areas of research within biological positivism include:
- Anthropometry
- Anthropology
- Biotypology
- Neurophysiology
- Endocrinology
- Criminal Genetics
1. Criminal Anthropometry
Criminal anthropometry,
Read MoreSchizophrenia and Related Disorders: ICD-10 Specifications
Schizophrenia
Diagnostic Criteria
Criterion A: Two or more of the following symptoms for at least one month:
- Delusions (erroneous beliefs, sometimes misinterpretations of experiences, expressing loss of control over mind/body)
- Hallucinations (auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile)
- Disorganized speech (losing train of thought, jumping between topics)
- Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
- Negative symptoms:
- Affective flattening (lack of expression, poor eye contact, reduced body language)
- Alogia
Social Disorganization and Pathology
Social Disorganization and Conflict
Social Disorganization
It is the dissociative process that tends to disengage a social organization.
In society: Misuse of conduct of modules (no).
Conflict
A form of interaction by which two or more people try to be mutually exclusive, either annihilating one party or another, or reducing the reaction.
Patterns: Injury, physical aggression, verbal attacks, contempt, personal rivalry.
Forms of Social Disorganization: Ritualism, rebellion, innovation, withdrawal.
Social
Read MoreSigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: A Comprehensive Overview
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
Introduction to Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a philosophical theory and therapeutic method that studies human nature. Its search method involves studying patient behavior to understand the etiology (cause) of psychological distress. The curative method aims to eliminate the cause to cure the disease.
Freud’s Key Concepts
Sigmund Freud, influenced by Charcot and Breuer, posited that the human being is composed of body and mind. He identified three key components
Read MoreMadness or Dementia in Chilean Criminal Law
Development in Chile
Glen believed that modern psychiatry misapplied the terms “madness” and “insanity.” He preferred the term “alienated” to designate individuals suffering from a mental disorder affecting criminal responsibility.
Novoa stated that the terms “crazy” or “insane” referred to individuals with severe, permanent mental impairment. He aimed to include all individuals with a pathological impairment of mind, lacking the psychic ability to understand legal duty and adjust their behavior accordingly.
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