Introduction to Physics: Motion, Forces, and Energy
1. Systems of Reference and Movement Characteristics
System of Reference
Any definite point from where we observe the position of a moving object over a period of time.
Characteristics of Movement
- Position (x): The place an object occupies with respect to the origin (O) of the chosen system of reference.
- Trajectory: The line connecting all the points corresponding to the different positions of a moving object over a period of time.
2. Speed and Acceleration
Speed
The physical magnitude that represents distance
Read MoreUnderstanding Temperature, Heat, and Heat Transfer
1.1 Temperature and Dilation
Temperature
Temperature (T) is a measurement of heat or thermal energy that indicates how cold (low temperature) or hot (high temperature) an object is. Temperature shifts 
produce variations in the properties of matter, such as volume.
The instrument used to measure temperature is the thermometer. This instrument works by detecting a change in the property of a substance; most thermometers detect the change in a substance’s volume: when temperature increases, the substance
Read MoreEssential Guide to Workplace Safety and Health
Workplace Safety and Health: A Comprehensive Guide
Manual Handling and Electrical Safety
In a storage area where goods are handled manually, the heaviest items should be placed at: a proper height for manual handling.
It is true that in a tower crane, the metal part is effectively grounded. This statement is accurate: hoisted loads should be transported without shaking and be properly secured or strapped.
The main variables of electrical contact that can cause electrocution are: intensity and time of
Read MoreElectromagnetism and Basic Electrical Components: A Comprehensive Guide
Electromagnetism and Basic Electrical Components
Input Sensors and Transducers
Thermistor
A thermistor is a temperature-dependent resistor. As temperature increases, its resistance decreases.
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
An LDR’s resistance decreases as light intensity increases.
Electrical Components
Capacitor
Capacitors store small amounts of electric charge. A higher capacitance (measured in microfarads – μF) indicates a greater charge storage capacity. They are commonly used in time-delay circuits.
Read MoreIntroduction to Kinematics and Dynamics in Physics
Kinematics: The Study of Motion
Introduction to Motion
Kinematics is the branch of physics that studies the motion of bodies without considering their causes. A body is said to be in motion when its position changes with respect to a reference point. Conversely, it is at rest if its position remains unchanged relative to that reference point.
Reference Systems and Trajectory
A reference system is a set of coordinates that allows us to describe the location of an event. The trajectory of a body is the
Read MoreReflection and Refraction of Light: Understanding Mirrors and Lenses
Reflection of Light
Reflection: The bouncing back of rays of light from a polished and shiny surface is called reflection or reflection of light. It is similar to the bouncing back of a football after colliding with a wall or any hard surface.
Types of Images
Real Image: An image formed in front of the mirror that can be obtained on a screen.
Virtual Image: An image formed behind the mirror that cannot be obtained on a screen.
A plane mirror always forms a virtual and erect image. The distance of the
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