Understanding Technical Drawing Concepts and Applications
1 – Difference Between Cuts and Sections in Technical Drawing: In the section, we illustrate the intersection between the plane surface drying and solid, while in the case of a cut, we depict the intersection and all that is behind the shear plane.
2 – Definition of Surface Slope: A developable ruled surface is a director cone of revolution. It is a type of surface with equal slope, assuming a curve in space, flat or warped. The points of this line are chosen as vertices of cones that remain homothetic
Read MoreUnderstanding Sound Waves: Properties and Characteristics
Audible Sound Waves
Sound: A longitudinal mechanical wave that propagates through an elastic medium.
A physical disturbance that propagates in an elastic medium such as air.
The sound spectrum is divided into three frequency ranges:
- Audible
- Infrasonic
- Ultrasonic
These intervals are defined as follows: the audible sound corresponds to sound waves in a frequency range of 20 to 20,000 Hz.
Sound waves having frequencies below the audible range are called infrasound.
Sound waves having frequencies above the audible
Read MoreUniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion Exercises
Solved Exercises
Exercise 1
A body moves from rest with a constant acceleration of 8 m/s². Calculate:
- The speed within 5 seconds.
- The distance traveled from rest in the first 5 seconds.
Data:
vi = 0 m/s
a = 8 m/s²
t = 5 s
Solution:
vf = vi + at = 0 m/s + 8 m/s² × 5 s = 40 m/s
d = vit + (at²/2) = 0 m/s × 5 s + (8 m/s² × (5 s)²)/2 = 100 m
Exercise 2
The velocity of a vehicle increases smoothly from 15 km/h to 60 km/h in 20 s. Calculate:
- The average speed in km/h and m/s.
- The acceleration.
- The distance in
Physics Concepts: Heat, Energy, and Thermodynamics
Heat, Energy, and Thermodynamics
Heat and Energy
1 cal = 4.18 J
1 J = 0.24 cal
Q = m * ce * (tf – ti)
Qgained + Qlost = 0
Q = m * L (Latent Heat)
Thermal Expansion
Cubic Expansion: β * V * Δt
β (cubic expansion coefficient)
V = initial volume
Δt = temperature increase
Superficial Dilatation: γ * S * Δt
γ (coefficient of superficial dilatation)
S = Initial surface area
Δt = temperature increase
Linear Expansion: α * L * Δt
α (linear expansion coefficient)
L = original length
Δt = temperature increase
Work
Read MoreSolar System
Solar System: A Celestial Overview
The solar system encompasses celestial bodies extending 6,000 million kilometers from the sun. It includes:
- 1 star (the sun)
- 8 planets
- Dwarf planets
- Natural satellites
- Asteroids
- Comets
- Meteorites
- Vast quantities of gas and dust
Planets
- In ancient Greek, meaning “wandering star”
- Cold surfaces in thermal equilibrium with solar radiation
- Shine by reflecting sunlight; they do not generate their own light
- Small and rocky (closer to the sun)
- Large and gaseous (further from the sun)
Wave Phenomena and Electric Charge Principles
Principle of Superposition: When two or more waves propagate through a medium, the resulting disturbance at each point of the medium is equal to the sum of the disturbances each wave would have spread in isolation. y = y1 + y2.
Interference: Phenomenon that occurs when two wave motions are coincident (in space and time). Interference leads to areas with intensified wave motion and areas with weakened wave motion. The former are the constructive interference in which the amplitude of the resultant
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