Principles of Spectrometry and Light-Matter Interaction

Posted by on Jul 19, 2025 in Physics | 0 comments

Introduction to Spectrometry

Frequency: The frequency of light is a fundamental property in spectrometry.

Color: The color of light is determined by its wavelength, which is crucial for understanding absorption.

Spectrometry Fundamentals

Spectrometry involves the measurement of the quantity of energy transmitted through a sample. This radiant energy is typically monochromatic radiation of a single wavelength, or for practical reasons, a very narrow band of wavelengths. The measurement of the transmitted

Read More

Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals: Key Concepts & Devices

Posted by on Jul 17, 2025 in Physics | 0 comments

Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals

Venturi Meter: Flow Rate Measurement

A Venturi meter is a device used to measure the flow rate of an incompressible fluid in a pipe. It operates on the principle of Bernoulli’s equation, creating a pressure differential by gradually constricting the flow area (throat) and then gradually expanding it back. The pressure drop across the throat is directly related to the fluid’s velocity and, consequently, its flow rate. Its smooth contours minimize energy losses.

Orifice Meter:

Read More

Fundamental Forces & Quantum Physics Principles

Posted by on Jul 15, 2025 in Physics | 0 comments

Radioactivity: Biological Effects & Applications

For millions of years, living things have withstood the natural radioactivity of the Earth’s crust and cosmic rays. Exposure to high doses of radiation at increased rates can cause cancer and other genetic disorders. The degree of danger of an isotope depends on the type of radiation emitted, its energy, and its half-life.

Degree of Danger to Humans:

  • External Exposure: If the radiation source is outside the body, gamma rays are the most dangerous.
Read More

Fundamental Concepts in Physics and Biology

Posted by on Jul 12, 2025 in Physics | 0 comments

Physics Fundamentals

Optics: Formulas and Definitions

Key Optical Formulas

  • Refractive Index (Prism Formula): n = sin((A + Dₘ) / 2) / sin(A / 2)
  • Displacement Formula: d = (l sin(i – r)) / cos(r)

Sign Conventions and Lens Formulas

  • Object Distance (u): Always positive (+)
  • Image Distance (v): Real (+) / Virtual (-)
  • Magnification (m): Real (-) / Virtual (+)
  • Focal Length (f) & Power (P): Convex (+) / Concave (-)
  • Lens Behavior:
    • If v > f: Convex lens behavior
    • If v < f: Concave lens behavior
  • Refraction at
Read More

Essential Physics Formulas for Mechanics

Posted by on Jun 28, 2025 in Physics | 0 comments

Kinematics: Motion Equations

Equation of Position

  • Xf = Xi + Vit + at2/2
  • Xf = at2/2 (when Xi and Vi are zero)

Equation of Velocity

  • Vf = Vi + at
  • Vf = at (when Vi is zero)
  • Vi = -at (rearranged)

F0K3zA8XQjwP8BiKC1QLTAz78AAAAASUVORK5CYII=

Acceleration Formulas

  • a = (Vf – Vi) / (tf – ti) (Average Acceleration)
  • a = 2Xf / t2 (when Xi and Vi are zero)
  • a = -Vi / t (rearranged)
  • a = F / m (from Newton’s Second Law)

Time Calculations

  • t = -Vi / a (rearranged)

Related Concepts & Formulas

  • Average Velocity: V = (Xf – Xi) / (tf – ti)
  • Newton’s Second Law: F = m * a

Note:

Read More

Fundamental Physics and Science Concepts Explained

Posted by on Jun 27, 2025 in Physics | 0 comments

Principles of Electricity and Magnetism

Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule

This rule determines the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor within a magnetic field.

  • If the index finger points in the direction of the magnetic field,
  • and the middle finger points in the direction of the current,
  • then the thumb indicates the direction of the force on the conductor.

Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule

Used to identify the direction of induced current when a conductor moves in a magnetic field.

  • The thumb indicates
Read More