Understanding Waves and Telecommunications: Radio, Phone & More

Waves and Communications

Waves are transmitted through various communication systems (radio, or our voice via telephony). A wave is a traveling space perturbation without the transport of matter, but with the transport of energy.

Features of Waves

  • Period (T): The time it takes for one complete vibration.
  • Frequency (f): The number of vibrations per second, equal to the inverse of the period: f = 1/T. Measured in s-1, also known as Hertz (Hz).
  • Wavelength (λ): The distance between two consecutive peaks
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Englishness: Orwell vs. Kureishi on British Identity

Englishness in Orwell’s England Your England and Kureishi’s The Buddha of Suburbia

Englishness can be defined as “what is it to be British?” This term references several features that allow us to determine what it takes to be British.

Both Orwell and Kureishi deal with the concept of Englishness. Orwell discusses what it means to be British before World War II, while Kureishi explores British identity after the war.

Orwell writes about two main issues that Hanif Kureishi later challenges:

Uniformity

Orwell

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Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics: A Comprehensive Look

Understanding Heat and Temperature

A body is a limited portion of matter, and matter is formed by molecules. The motion of these molecules varies according to the state of aggregation of matter.

  • In solids, the molecules move, vibrating around a fixed point.
  • In liquids, the molecules move more freely.
  • In gases, the molecules move randomly and at high speeds.

Molecular Theory: This theory explains the movement of molecules. When molecules move faster, they possess greater energy. Therefore, an increase

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Understanding Cartographic Data: Datums, Projections, and Remote Sensing

Understanding Cartographic Data

Datum Mapping

Datum mapping, or cartographic data, serves as the benchmark for measuring coordinates within a specific land area. It’s important to note that this measurement isn’t extrapolated to the entire surface. Each datum comprises an ellipsoid and a fundamental point.

Time Zones and UTM Projections

Time zones are divided into 6° longitude sections. UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) projections are used to minimize distortions in the projected areas. The Earth

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Michelson-Morley Experiment & Black-Body Radiation: Modern Physics

Michelson-Morley Experiment

Phenomenon: The Michelson-Morley experiment aimed to determine the velocity of the Earth in the frame of the ether, based on the characteristics attributed to light. The experiment revealed that the speed of light is constant and independent of the observer’s motion and the motion of the source, i.e., not dependent on the reference system. This conflicted with the classical conception of movement.

Vision of Classical Physics

Nineteenth-century physicists made assumptions

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Understanding Interactions and Atomic Structure

Interaction is an action that is exerted on a reciprocal basis between two or more subjects, objects, actors, forces, and functions.

Types of Interaction

Gravitational Interaction is the force of mutual attraction that occurs between two objects in the universe. This is a common property of all known mass.

Electromagnetic Interaction is the force of mutual attraction or repulsion between two objects due to a property called electric charge. This property is the excess of negative charges possessed

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