Comprehensive Guide to Muscles, Arteries, Veins, and Innervation of the Lower Limb
Muscles of the Hip and Thigh
Gluteal Region
- Gluteus Medius and Minimus: Abducts and medially rotates the thigh, and keeps the pelvis level when the opposite leg is raised.
- Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Gemellus (Superior and Inferior), Quadratus Femoris: Laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh; further stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum.
Anterior Thigh
- Pectineus, Iliopsoas, Tensor Fascia Lata, Sartorius, Quadriceps Femoris (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus
Postural Tone and Balance Development in Children
Evolution of Postural Tone and the Center Tonic
The evolution of the sensory-tonic system (SSTS) depends on the child’s maturational level, determined by:
- Central nervous system maturation
- Muscle tone maturation
- Emotions
Key Stages:
- Birth: The child is hypertonic, exhibiting impulsive movements.
- 3rd Month: Neck and trunk muscle tone organizes, enabling transitions from lying to supported sitting and eye guidance.
- 6th-8th Month: Balance in sitting is achieved, arms are freed, and shoulder girdle tone develops.
Understanding Muscle Tone, Posture, and Balance in Physical Education
Muscle Tone, Posture, and Balance in Physical Education
Muscle Tone
Muscle Tone (ATPE): The state of tension or contraction of a muscle. It forms the foundation for motor and postural activity, reflecting both physical actions and emotional states.
Types of Muscle Tone:
- Resting Muscle Tone (Base)
- Postural Tone (Attitude)
- Action Tone
Posture and Attitude
Postural (Anatomy): Refers to the location and position of body parts, maintained by skeletal muscles opposing gravity. This results in a state of equilibrium
Read MoreUnderstanding Muscle Tone, Posture, and Balance
Muscle Tone
Muscle tone refers to the state of tension or contraction of a muscle. It forms the foundation for motor and postural activity, both in movement and at rest. Muscle tone changes reflect our emotional and affective states.
Types of Muscle Tone:
- Resting Tone (Base Tone)
- Postural Tone (Attitude)
- Action Tone
Posture
Posture relates to the location and position of body parts, primarily influenced by skeletal muscles counteracting gravity. It’s our equilibrium in relation to spatial references.
Attitude
According
Read MoreUnderstanding Muscle Tone, Posture, and Balance in Physical Education
Muscle Tone, Posture, and Balance in Physical Education
Muscle Tone
Muscle Tone: The state of tension or contraction of the muscle that underlies our motor and postural activity. Changes in tone reflect our emotional and affective state.
Types of Muscle Tone:
- Resting Muscle Tone
- Postural Tone
- Action Tone
Posture and Attitude
Postural (Anatomy): Refers to the location and position of body parts, maintained by skeletal muscles opposing gravity, resulting in a form of equilibrium.
Attitude:
- Castañer and Camerino:
Types of Games According to Age, Theories, and Development: A Comprehensive Guide
Types of Games According to Age (Jacquin)
Gay Jacquin lists 5 types of games according to age:
- Gaming Prowess (3 to 5 years)
- Exact Imitation Games (5 to 6 years)
- Fictitious Imitation Games (6 to 7 years)
- Downstream Mass Games (7 to 9 years)
- Upstream Group Games (9 to 10.5 years)
- Cooperative Conflict Game (10.5 to 13 years)
- Evasion Games (13 to 14 years)
- Racing Games (14-15 years and over)
Theories of the Final Cause
a. Preparatory Exercise Theory (Groos)
This theory seeks to extend the field of vision of the
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