Strength, Speed, Resistance, Mobility & Coordination Training
Item 4: Force and Training
Manifestations of Force
The vast variety of sports practiced today demonstrates that muscles respond to diverse demands. Strength manifests differently depending on specific requirements.
Classifying Force
From a training perspective, strength is commonly classified as:
- Maximum Strength: The ability to achieve the maximum possible force (static or dynamic).
- Explosive Strength: The ability to achieve strength in the shortest possible time.
- Strength Endurance: The ability to maintain
Understanding Obesity, Osteoarthritis, Arthritis, and Women’s Health in Exercise
Obesity
Definition
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and weight gain.
Causes
- Diet
- Inactivity
- Environmental factors (e.g., TV ads)
- Leptin gene alteration
- Positive energy imbalance (caloric intake exceeding consumption)
- Hormonal imbalance (e.g., thyroxine, growth hormone, norepinephrine, adrenaline, sex hormones)
- Biological determinants (e.g., race, gender, age, pregnancy)
- Metabolic and genetic factors
- Smoking
- Nutrition (lack of exercise converting carbohydrates
Muscle Metabolism and Physiological Responses to Exercise
Muscle Metabolism and Energy Systems
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions.
Energy Systems in High-Intensity, Short-Duration Exercise (10-15 seconds)
The dominant energy system in high-intensity, short-duration exercise is the phosphocreatine system, where phosphocreatine is used to rapidly form ATP.
Creatine kinase activity is stimulated by high levels of ADP.
Muscle Adaptations
Adaptations to exercise occur in both structural and neurological factors.
Read MoreHuman Body Composition: Analysis, Techniques, and Evolutionary Diet
Body Composition
- It is the study of the parts of a whole, in this case, the human body (Rodriguez C. 1992).
- Body analysis allows us to quantify the body’s components.
- Body weight consists of many components or proportions that vary among individuals.
- With the introduction of the microscope in the seventeenth century, researchers could penetrate tissues and cells. Analysis of tissues from biopsies has contributed significantly to our understanding of physiology and human metabolism.
- Early studies on body
Psychosomatic Disorders: Types, Symptoms, and Psychological Factors
Genitourinary
- Enuresis
- Impotence
- Frigidity
- Premature Ejaculation
- Amenorrhea
- Dysmenorrhea
Respiratory
- Asthma
Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
1 – Somatoform Disorders:
Somatic complaints or dysfunctions that are not under conscious control and for which there is no demonstrable organic
Human Joints: Types, Movements, and Major Articulations
Joints
Joints are classified based on their mobility:
- Synarthrosis: Joints with no mobility.
- Amphiarthrosis: Joints with minimal range of motion.
- Diarthrosis: Joints allowing extensive movements.
Key elements of bone joints include:
- Joint Capsule: Provides stability.
- Synovial Membrane: Lubricates articular cartilage.
- Articular Cartilage: Ensures smooth sliding and prevents bone erosion.
- Articular Cavity: Space between articular surfaces.
- Meniscus: Improves bone end fit and increases contact surface.
- Ligaments: