Human Rights History: From Origins to Modern Declarations
Origins and Development of Human Rights
Throughout history, humans have fought for a decent life and the recognition of their rights. Even in ancient times, while practices like slavery existed, thinkers like the ancient Greeks recognized the profound injustice it represented. Rebellions often arose to defend the idea of a society of equals.
The modern era saw a more explicit defense of human rights. At the end of the 18th century, major revolutions sought to end the oppressive systems of the Old
Read MoreKant’s Critique: Metaphysics and the Limits of Knowledge
Before 1770, Kant’s critique of metaphysics focused on scientific issues related to physics or mathematics. However, during his critical period, he began to focus on the problem of metaphysics itself: can metaphysics expose something that qualifies as science? This is reflected in the text, where the author explains that metaphysics has not yet found its method and aims to prove itself, a project undertaken during Kant’s critical period. Kant posed a series of questions, including: “What can I know?
Read MoreUnderstanding Reality and Truth: A Philosophical Inquiry
Understanding Reality and Truth
Do we live in reality or in truth? Is there a single, objective reality, or is truth an attempt to mold objectified reality, biased by the limits of imperfect human perception?
We believe that truth should align with reality, a reality that is not completely known. Therefore, truth should constantly strive to reflect reality. We live in a reality that we try to objectify, but not definitively. Truth consists of concepts created by humans to conform to a reality that
Read MoreHume’s Principles: Empiricism, Ideas, and Reality
Hume: Key Principles
Hume’s Empirical Principle: There is nothing in the mind that has not first occurred through the senses.
Principle of Immanence: The senses are merely conduits, transmitting images without creating a direct contact between the mind and the object.
Principle of “Copy”: All our ideas are copies of our impressions. It is impossible to think of something we have not felt before, either internally or externally.
Principle of Association of Ideas: Ideas are not isolated in the mind. Imagination
Read MoreDescartes’ Fifth Meditation: Cogito and God’s Attributes
The Fifth Meditation delves into the attributes of God and the cogito. This exploration examines what can be learned from the external world, focusing on potentially different or confusing ideas about God.
Imagine the extension of bodies, considering length, breadth, and depth. One can list parts and assign magnitudes, figures, situations, and movements with various lengths to each. Distinctly imagine peculiarities belonging to numbers, shapes, and movements. While these things may not exist outside
Read MorePlato’s Theory of Forms and Dualistic Reality
Plato’s Concept of Ideas
Plato’s Ideas are characterized as follows:
- They exist in themselves, independently.
- They are the essences of things, which can only be captured by thought.
- They serve as causes or models for things in the sensible world.
- They are entities that truly exist in another dimension of reality (the World of Ideas).
- They are metaphysical entities that hold the real value of things, representing reality itself.
Characteristics of Ideas
Ideas are the causes of things; they relate to things
Read More