Unborn Life and Abortion Legality: A Jurisprudential Analysis
The Life of the Unborn
Article 19, No. 1, inc. 2: “The law protects the life of the unborn.”
However, until 1989, no therapeutic abortion was punished according to Art. 119 of the Health Code, which required the opinion of two non-treating physicians.
Methods of Abortion:
- Therapeutic Abortion: To destroy the life of the unborn child to save the mother’s life or health seriously threatened during pregnancy or childbirth.
- Ethical Abortion: To terminate the pregnancy resulting from rape.
- Eugenics Abortion:
Exploring Plato’s Theory of Ideas and Political Philosophy
Fact: According to Plato in his Seventh Letter, a young man believed to be involved in politics. Thus, there are two separate worlds: the world of sense, revealed to the senses, and the world intelligible, accessible only to the nous. But the only real world itself is the world intelligible, for in it lies the essence of sensible things, their essence, Ideas. The Ideas (also called Forms or essences) are models of things in the sensible world; they are the things themselves, in their ideal state
Read MoreEvolution and Challenges of Citizenship: A Historical Perspective
Ancient and Medieval Citizenship
Ancient Greece and Rome
In ancient Greece, citizenship meant participating in the governance of the community. Aristotle defined the citizen as someone who participates in the administration of government and justice. This ‘active’ citizenship prefigures modern citizenship, where citizens are subjects of rights.
Roman citizenship differed from the Greek model. Cicero described political society as an association of men united by a legal system, emphasizing an abstract
Read MoreNietzsche’s Critique of Western Metaphysics and the Rise of the Übermensch
Nietzsche’s Critical Philosophy
Deconstruction and Reconstruction
Nietzsche’s philosophy is deeply critical of Western thought. His work can be divided into two periods: a deconstructive phase and a constructive one. His first book, The Birth of Tragedy (1872), explores two fundamental forces in Greek culture: the Apollonian and the Dionysian. Apollo represents rationality and light, while Dionysus embodies the irrational and primal. Nietzsche argues that the Greeks initially maintained a balance
Read MorePlato’s Theory of the Soul: Essence, Incarnation, and Knowledge
The Soul’s Place in Plato’s Philosophy
Existence is the life humans live in the world. However, human experience isn’t solely composed of the world, but also of the self. Plato explains the world’s origin through creation, but the self’s origin through incarnation. This notion, central to his theory of love (the foundation of his anthropology), is closely linked to his theories of ideas and creation. Unlike those, it focuses on human beings, falling within anthropology. While the theory of ideas
Read MoreDescartes’ Philosophy: A Comprehensive Overview
Descartes’ Philosophical Framework
René Descartes lived during the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), a devastating conflict that significantly impacted Europe’s population and economy. Absolutist monarchies, claiming divine right, consolidated power during this period. Society was rigidly hierarchical, with the king at the apex, followed by the nobility, the upper class, and finally, the common people. The era was marked by religious strife between the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-
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