From Myth to Logos: Ancient Greek Philosophers and Their Ideas
From Myth to Logos: The First Concepts
Homer (8th century BC) is the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Hesiod (8th-7th century BC) is the author of Theogony, Works and Days, and The Shield of Heracles.
Physis (Nature)
The set of all things in the universe (except human productions). Nature is understood as a power (a kind of cosmic energy) that produces and destroys everything that exists.
- Principle: It starts all natural things.
- Source: Things come from it.
- Cause: Nature produces things.
- End: All things
Citizenship: From Ancient Greece to Modern Rights
Citizenship: Definition and Core Traits
- Membership of a political community—a country that sits in a manner in a specific area.
- The effective enjoyment of rights which should be protected by the city or the state, among them includes the ability to participate in the work of government, policy, community property, either directly or indirectly.
Citizenship in Ancient Greco-Roman Times
The term comes from the Latin civis (citizen), a word that shares a root with civitas (city).
- In Roman law, the term
Philosophy and Science: From Ancient Greece to Modernity
The Questions
Philosophy and science came to light in Greece around the sixth century BC, a place and a time characterized by political liberty, the seed of democracy, and, therefore, freedom of expression and thought.
Cosmological Stage
In its first stage, the focus of research was the universe, nature, physis, considered as a great living organism, within which changes occur, not a supernatural and cosmic order governed by a constant and regular human reason that must be discovered and translated
Read MoreInterpersonal Communication and Personal Growth: A Christian Perspective
Interpersonal Communication and Personal Growth
“The main barrier to interpersonal communication is our tendency to judge others, to approve or disapprove of what the other person says” (Carl Rogers).
Attitudes for Effective Interpersonal Communication
Conversely, four basic attitudes contribute to effective interpersonal communication, such as good group work:
- Look with sympathy at each of the members of the group.
- Think of others as well as, at least, like yourself.
- Look at yourself with pleasure.
- Take
Immanuel Kant’s Philosophy: Ethics and Knowledge
For Kant, the true philosophy is that which asks questions that concern everyone and whose answers we need everyone. These are: What can I know? What should I do? And what may I expect? These questions can be summarized as: What is man? Kant claims philosophy should begin from these questions and, depending on them, the different areas of philosophy can be divided. His work can be divided into two stages: the pre-critical and the critical period.
Ethics
Kant examines ethics in his Critique of Practical
Read MoreKant’s Philosophy: Reason, Morality, and the Structure of Knowledge
I. Critique of Pure Reason
Kant’s philosophy is based on the coexistence of science and morality. Science operates under determinism (necessity), while morality requires freedom. Humans are subject to both physical laws (necessity) and moral law (freedom). We possess theoretical reason for scientific knowledge and practical reason for moral action.
The Critique of Pure Reason (CPR) explores two main ideas:
- Philosophy as a Science: Can philosophy be a rigorous science?
- Conditions for Science: What