Aristotle’s Philosophy: Ethics, Politics, and the Hellenistic Period
Context: Aristotle and the Hellenistic Period
After the Peloponnesian War, Athens suffered a setback. This marked a clear decline in the polls, alongside a deep economic crisis. This context led to the emergence of a new political-military imperialism. Macedonia, a kingdom that had maintained a feudal type of social organization and a strong warrior class, served the king to initiate a process of unification and expansion. This culminated when Philip II was appointed head of the Hellenic League.
Read MoreHuman Existence: Life, Death, Meaning, and Religion
Distinguishing Between Problem and Mystery
A problem is a situation where there is something unknown that we must ascertain, and difficulty is involved. Typically, a problem, once raised, can be solved if the proper technique is applied.
A mystery is a situation that affects and involves us deeply. It is not a barrier but opens perspectives and gives dimensions to existence. You cannot solve a mystery; there is no solution, so it accompanies us throughout life. Before the mystery, there are several
Read MorePhilosophical Arguments on the Existence of God
Connections to Other Philosophical Positions
This topic can be positively related to all those thinkers who have argued that the rational demonstration of God’s existence is possible. Notable among these are Augustine of Hippo, Anselm of Canterbury, and Descartes. Among those who believe it is impossible to highlight are Hume and Kant.
The Proof of God’s Existence in Augustine of Hippo
The proof of the existence of God in Augustine of Hippo does not adopt the strict and rigorous proof, as would later
Read MoreEpistemology: Understanding Knowledge and Truth
Epistemology
Epistemology is concerned with the analysis of knowledge, determining its origin, the methods we follow to obtain it, and the limits of what we can know.
Knowledge, Opinion, and Belief
- Opinion: A subjective assessment that we cannot say we are sure of and that we cannot prove.
- Belief:
- Dubitative use: Expresses that we are not really sure of the truth of what we say.
- Assertive use: We speak of belief when we are sure of something even though we do not have enough evidence to prove it.
- Knowledge:
Augustine of Hippo: Life, Works, and Influence
Augustine of Hippo: Life and Works
Augustine of Hippo was born in Tagaste in 354 AD. His father was a pagan, and his mother was a Christian who taught her son, Augustine. He ceased to be a Christian, but then again, he did not embrace the Christian faith. He was always leaving the Christian faith. He went to Carthage to study rhetoric, read the work of Cicero, *Hortensius*, and became interested in the philosophical problem of evil, thus becoming a Manichean. Manichaeism was based on a Platonic way
Read MoreConstitutional Law & Political Science: Concepts and Evolution
Constitutional Law and Political Science: Concepts and Evolution
Unit I
Right: Right action is the same. Human law has the nature of law as long as it conforms to right reason. The law is the prohibition of unfairness and the realization of justice.
Politics: Etymologically from the Greek “polis,” meaning city or state, it is the formation, organization, and maintenance of the state and human activity as it relates to public life in the city.
In the classical sense, it can be defined as the science
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