Plato’s Philosophy: Reality, Anthropology, and Society
Plato’s Theory of Reality (Ontology)
1.1 Theory of Ideas
1.1.1 Introduction
Plato distinguishes between two worlds: the intelligible and the sensible.
1.1.2 Intelligible World
It consists of a plurality of ideas. The ideas are eternal, perfect, immutable, simple, and immaterial. They are the true reality and the true cause of things. They are invisible and can only be perceived by intelligence. The ideas are prioritized, with the idea of Good being the highest.
1.1.3 Sensible World
It is the world of beings
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Plato’s Personal Opinion on Education
I will state my personal position with respect to Plato, focusing on a specific topic: education in its ideal state. Subsequently, the author will make an assessment from now.
What is taught in The Republic? Gymnastics, art, mathematics, astronomy, and dialectic. Music is paramount. I was impressed that Plato defended censorship on all matters relating to poetry and myths. It is dangerous for young people to believe that the gods behave in such a way. You can
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Contextualization
Ortega’s work belongs to the theme of our time. His biography coincides with a time of conflict in Europe. We will discuss the key influences on our author.
The Problem in Spain
There is a reference to the question of Spain after the defeat of 1898. The Spanish society fell into a general pessimism. In this context, philosophy was oriented towards the Europeanization of Spain and marked a break with nihilistic pessimism.
The Republican Solution
We must also mention the Second Republic
Read MorePlato’s Theory of Forms: Sensible vs. Intelligible Worlds
Plato’s Realms: Sensible and Intelligible
The Sensible World: Plato viewed the visible world as an intermediary between being and non-being, a realm of constant change. This Sensible World is a copy of the Intelligible World and comprises individual objects. The Demiurge creates this world, bringing order out of chaos.
The Intelligible World: This realm contains universal, unchanging objects. Known as the World of Ideas, it houses necessary, authentic, immutable, indivisible, and eternal ideas. These
Read MoreNietzsche, Utilitarianism, and the Poison of Repressed Desires
Nietzsche’s View on Repressed Desires
Human beings have desires and impulses, but when they fail to act on them, these impulses can become poisonous. According to Nietzsche’s anthropological view, we are composed of mind and body, containing a vital energy linked to the will to power. This energy drives us to act, and it must flow. If we constantly restrain this energy, it stagnates, turning against itself and becoming poisonous. This leads to feelings of rejection, hatred, and bitterness towards
Read MoreLocke vs. Marx: Property, State, and Social Justice
Relationship of the Subject with Another Philosophical Position: Locke vs. Marx
John Locke is one of the first representatives of political liberalism, advocating for minimal government intervention in the economy, private ownership of the means of production, and a parliamentary political system. Ironically, the capitalist system, a crystallization of the ideas of liberalism and classical political economy, would become the subject of criticism by Karl Marx. In contrast to this society, Marx defended
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