Human Evolution, Culture, and Diversity: Key Theories
Theories of Human Evolution
Creationism
Advocates believe that all living species, including humans, were created by God in His image and likeness.
Evolutionism
Darwinism posits that species evolve from earlier forms through gradual changes. Natural selection is the driving force, where only the fittest survive and reproduce.
Theory of the Chandelier (Wolpoff)
This theory suggests that modern humans evolved multiregionally, with different evolutionary processes occurring in various parts of the world.
Read MoreDorian Gray and Narcissus: A Literary Comparison
Oscar Wilde’s *The Picture of Dorian Gray*
Oscar Wilde was an Irish writer of the 19th century who anticipated modernism in literature. He became very popular because of his attitude. He was very witty and an extraordinary conversationalist who liked to scandalize his audience.
*The Picture of Dorian Gray*: A Summary
His most important and famous work was *The Picture of Dorian Gray*. It was published in 1890 and made him renowned as a novelist. The plot became very popular thanks to a large amount
Read MoreMoral Conscience, Freedom, and Responsibility
Moral
Moral is the set of schemes that have acquired standards through our education, family, and social context. It is what we hold at the time of moral judgment.
Moral conscience as a faculty:
- These are the norms that connect to a person’s moral awareness.
- The moral sentiments in different situations that arise before going live.
Traits:
- It is not innate but socially learned.
- It is subject to change and evolution.
- It is forged in a dialectic between the individual and society.
The role of society:
- From
Plato’s Theory of Forms: Understanding Reality and Knowledge
Plato’s Theory of Forms
The true reality, according to Plato, consists of universal and perfect Forms (or Ideas). These Forms are models of the physical world, making it intelligible and transcendent. They are self-existing realities, universal, eternal, permanent, immutable, perfect, objective, spaceless, and timeless, as described by Parmenides. These Forms constitute the real and true being of reality, the intelligible world.
The Forms do not depend on the physical senses, while the physical world
Read MoreThomas Aquinas’ Philosophy: Influences and Medieval Context
Thomas Aquinas’ Philosophy: Key Influences and Medieval Context
The philosophy of Thomas Aquinas is mainly marked by the philosophy of Aristotle. His greatest influence was Aristotle, from whom he derived his theories of ontology, theology, anthropology, and ethics.
Aristotle’s Influence on Aquinas
- Ontology: Aquinas adopts Aristotle’s theory of motion, describing the passage from potency to act and differentiating the four types of movements: substantial, quantitative, qualitative, and local. He also
Understanding Citizenship and Human Rights: A Historical Perspective
Subjects vs. Citizens
Subjects: No rights and are limited only to obeying.
Citizens: Have rights under the law.
Origin of Citizenship
Citizenship originated in Athens (5th Century BC). It consisted of isonomia (equality before the law) and isegoria (freedom of speech).
- Anyone who did not participate in political affairs was considered an idiot.
- Today, idiocy prevails because we are concerned with the personal and individual.
- Citizenship excluded women, children, slaves, the elderly, and immigrants.