Core Principles of Constitutional Law and Human Rights
Fundamental Concepts and Principles
Bases or Principles
The fundamental concepts guiding existing institutions.
Humanist Conception of Society
A set of core values refined over time within Western society.
Fundamental Rights
Rights that emanate directly from human nature.
Rights Emanating from Human Nature
Powers recognized by positive law, enabling the material and spiritual fulfillment of the person.
Respect for Rights
The state’s obligation to abstain from infringing upon the rights of individuals.
Equality
Read MoreThe Enduring Philosophical Attitude & The Problem of Being
Enduring Relevance of the Philosophical Attitude
The main features of the philosophical attitude and philosophy that ensure its continued value, similar to its importance in Greek culture, are:
- Problematizing: Although philosophical thinking varies, it has always been characterized by a peculiar way of addressing problems more than solving them. Precisely, the value of philosophy often lies not in providing answers but in the questions it formulates.
- Universality: It is not limited to a specific area
Child Development Stages: Milestones and Emotional Growth
Child Development: Stages and Milestones (0-12 Years)
Childhood, spanning from ages 0 to 12, is a period of rapid change and transformation. During these early years, children undergo significant development in acquiring skills and mastering biological and psychological functions. Development varies by age group:
First Year of Life: Rapid Brain Development
- Brain evolution is very rapid.
- Reflexes increase.
- Motor development allows for increasing control over movements.
- Examples: Holding head straight (
Understanding Truth, Existence, and Science: A Philosophical Inquiry
Truth and Knowledge
Truth: Truth is that which goes unnoticed in objective knowledge (Aletheia). This implies revealing what happens unnoticed. The Hebrew word for trust is certainty, which references knowledge that cannot have error and is justified; otherwise, truth is falsehood.
Criteria of Truth
The criteria serve to distinguish truth from falsehood. The criteria are:
- Authority: An assertion is accepted because someone of higher authority deems it certain.
- Tradition: Based on and taken as true because
Aristotle’s Scientific Knowledge: A Deep Dive
Aristotle’s Scientific Knowledge
Aristotle maintained a consistent concept of science as a fixed, stable, and true form of knowledge. He diverged from Plato’s theory of Forms, focusing instead on particular substances and individuals categorized into three levels: terrestrial, celestial, and divine. He also rejected the concepts of participation and imitation.
Orders of Knowledge
Aristotle distinguished between two orders of knowledge: sensory and intellectual. Sensory knowledge, derived from our senses,
Read MoreNietzsche’s Philosophy: Values, Morality, and the Superman
Nietzsche’s Life and Intellectual Context
Nietzsche was born in 1844 in Weimar, during a period of significant upheaval. The French Revolution of 1789 had ended absolute monarchy, ushering in a new era of political, economic, and social development known as liberalism. The liberal-bourgeois revolutions facilitated the transition from a stratified society to a class-based society, primarily composed of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The proletariat would soon become aware of their subjugation,
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