Fundamental Philosophical Inquiries: Existence, Cosmos, and Ethics
Philosophical Inquiries: Core Concepts
Learning Philosophy: Cultivating Critical Thought
Learning philosophy involves engaging with its typical contents and reflecting on fundamental questions. It’s not just about knowing answers, but also about learning how to think. This process allows us to distinguish between two kinds of philosophical inquiry: those that address the fundamental problems traditionally discussed in philosophy, and those activities related to learning to think for oneself.
Fundamental
Read MoreMarxist Philosophy: Materialism and the Critique of Hegel
The Philosophical Divide: Materialism Versus Idealism
According to Marx’s theory, the basic problem of philosophy is the contradiction between two opposing philosophies: materialism and idealism. The problem that arises is the question of the relationship between the material and the spiritual, between being and thinking.
Under the general heading of materialism are located all those philosophers who think that matter comes first and that consciousness is the product of a highly complex development
Read MoreThomas Aquinas: Harmonizing Faith, Reason, and Power
Medieval Philosophy: Papacy, Empire, Faith & Reason
The Political and Philosophical Divide
All European medieval philosophy was deeply marked by the struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire, the two great powers vying for control over the dismembered remains of the Holy Roman Empire. Moreover, it is said that, from the tenth century onwards, the controversy concerning the relationship between faith and reason was essentially the philosophical and theological reflection of the political
Read MoreThe Essence of Human Reality: A Philosophical Inquiry
What is human reality?
Human reality encompasses everything that lies beyond the border of the skin, extending into the world we perceive and interact with.
What are the areas of human reality?
The areas of human reality include:
- The world of perception
- The inner somatic world (body sensations)
- The psychic world (thought, emotion)
These are all integrated into a single, unique reality that varies from individual to individual.
What did Immanuel Kant call the ‘thing-in-itself’?
It refers to the ultimate reality,
Read MoreSaint Augustine’s Core Philosophical Concepts
Human Happiness and Free Will
God is the ultimate object of human happiness. Humanity seeks happiness, but cannot find it solely within itself. Individuals are also required to transcend themselves in the realm of love, because God alone is the proper object to provide true happiness, as a free being. Humanity can only find true happiness in God, but often lacks an adequate understanding, leading individuals to choose mutable goods as their life’s goal instead of adhering to the immutable good. In
Read MoreEmpiricism in Psychology: Locke, Berkeley, and Hume
The Origins of Psychological Empiricism
According to Miguel, good philosophical realism in modern times seeks to shape the theory of reality based on science and is based on psychologistic experience.
Scientific Origins of Psychological Empiricism
In 17th-century England, psychological research experienced a significant boost. Its purpose was to investigate the human soul. One of the results of this research was the psychological analysis of experience, which led to the conclusion that reality is made
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