Karl Marx and the Birth of Social Science

Introduction: Karl Marx and the 19th Century

Karl Marx lived during the 19th century, a period marked by conflict between conservatives and liberals. Europe was undergoing a major transformation—the Industrial Revolution—where the wealth of the bourgeoisie contrasted sharply with the poverty of the working class. Marxism, beyond being a school of thought, is a guide for transforming social relations.

The Birth of Social Science

Philosophy, according to Marx, should serve this social transformation

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Understanding Citizenship: Rights, Duties, and Global Perspectives

What is Citizenship?

A citizen is a resident of a state who possesses political rights and can exercise them. This legal status grants them membership in a community with shared rights and duties, regardless of religion, gender, or culture. Citizenship entails:

  • Participating in decision-making processes that affect the entire community. This active involvement is a hallmark of democratic political systems.
  • Contributing to a shared vision of society based on civic conduct. Even in times of conflict,
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Women, Politics, and the State: Feminist Perspectives

Women, Politics, and the State

State: A New Form of Patriarchy?

  • The modern state has taken control of systems traditionally controlled by religion, custom, and male-dominated social groups.
  • While sometimes beneficial, this can be offset by restructuring frameworks that perpetuate women’s unequal status.
  • Feminist debate: The welfare state can be beneficial if it includes a complete restructuring of funding, working hours, and domestic roles for both sexes. The opposing view argues that the state is central
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Pedagogy Questions and Answers for KVS PGT/TGT/PRT Exams

KVS PGT/TGT/PRT Pedagogy Questions with Answers

  1. 1. The word “Pedagogy” means?
    A. To guide the child
    B. To lead the child
    C. To educate the child
    D. To understand the child
    Answer: B
  2. 2. Pedagogy is the study of:
    A. Education
    B. Guiding Students
    C. Learning Process
    D. Teaching Methods
    Answer: D
  3. 3. Which one of the followings indicates child’s physical growth?
    A. Negative
    B. Quantitative
    C. Qualitative
    D. Positive
    Answer: B
  4. 4. The best method to study growth and development of the child is:
    A. Psychoanalytic
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Locke’s Philosophy: Natural Rights, Social Contract, and Limited Government

Locke’s Philosophy: Natural Rights and the Social Contract

According to Locke, in the state of nature, humans are neither inherently good nor bad. Instead, they exist in a state of freedom, equality, and independence. Individuals are governed by natural law, a universally binding moral code derived from human reason, which Locke sees as a reflection of God’s relationship with humanity. This moral law dictates that all people are free and equal, possessing inherent rights and powers.

Natural Rights:

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Human Feelings and Reason Throughout History

Human Feelings and Reason: A Historical Perspective

We could oppose them with reason or simply explain their ability to move and motivate us to act. Aristotle said that man was “willing or desiring intelligent intelligence,” thus indicating that reason is his way to choose between the different desires that he feels. The intellect is responsible for choosing the right desire, the most appropriate, through a deliberative process. The man who carries out this process properly has the virtue of prudence.

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