Political Role of the Judiciary in the Modern State
Unit 5 – The Political Function of the Judiciary
Directions:
- Legitimation of the Modern State (cont.): Justice centralized. The legality criterion. Individual welfare.
- Depoliticization of Conflict: Breaks the relationship of the particular case with the social organization. Individual. Party. Individualization of conflict. Subsumption. Logic and structure of society unchanged.
- Depoliticization of Conflict: Integration aims to orbit the conflicts of law. Subsumption. Direction of society is not questioned.
Nietzsche’s Philosophy: God, Apollo, and Dionysus
Nietzsche’s Key Concepts: God, Apollo, and Dionysus
God: When Nietzsche refers to God, he means the god of religion, particularly Christianity, but also anything that can replace him. In reality, God is not an entity but rather a place, a possible figure of thought, representing the Absolute. God is a metaphor to express absolute reality. Reality is presented as the Truth and bios, as the presumed target area that can serve as a basis for existence because they were beyond it and make sense. Anything
Read MoreAristotelianism: Happiness and Virtue in Human Life
Aristotelian Naturalism and Happiness
Aristotelian naturalism views the human being as a part of nature, understood through the same intellectual categories, particularly the teleological model. This means understanding things in terms of their purpose or end goal.
Aristotle’s Concept of Telos
Aristotle believed that all beings have a specific function (ergon). Excellence or virtue (arete) lies in performing that function well. In animate beings, this excellence isn’t immediate. There’s an internal
Read MoreUnderstanding Theoretical and Practical Reason: A Philosophical Analysis
Theoretical and Practical Reason
Theoretical Reason: This approach contemplates the world, seeking to decipher, explain, and understand it without necessarily focusing on practical application or direct knowledge of reality.
Practical Reason: This involves using reason to guide actions, setting aside assumptions and passions to achieve a moral ideal defined by reason itself.
Rationalism vs. Empiricism
| Rationalism | Empiricism | |
|---|---|---|
| Core Belief | Trust in reason as the primary source of knowledge. | Trust in sensory |
Reason and Truth: An Introspective Analysis
Chapter 2: The Truth of Reason
1) What is the question prior to the remaining questions of life?
The question before the other questions of life is, “How do I answer the questions I submit? How do I know what I know?” These questions, although seemingly the simplest, are the hardest to answer. We may never be able to answer them satisfactorily, but at least we know that questions will arise when the information we have about something is insufficient.
2) What do we reason?
We reason in search of arguments
Read MoreAristotle’s Philosophy: Virtue, Intellect, and Politics
Virtue (arete), according to Aristotle, is a kind of second nature, an artful habit that helps humans achieve the various goods and purposes for which they are trained, ultimately leading to happiness and resembling God as much as possible. He distinguishes between dianoetic (intellectual) virtues and practical virtues.
Dianoetic Virtues
Dianoetic or intellectual virtues are those we share with God, because through them we approach divine immobility. Theoretical knowledge (wisdom and understanding)
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