Understanding Human Rights, Ethics, and Violence: Key Concepts
Key Traits of Human Rights
What are the main traits of human rights? Let’s explore each one:
Natural Rights
Human rights, framed as natural rights, transcend the boundaries of specific laws, customs, or cultural beliefs. Unlike legal rights, they are not contingent on the recognition of any particular authority. Instead, they are often rooted in scriptural, religious teachings, philosophical principles, or what is commonly referred to as “common sense.” This implies that human beings possess inherent
Read MoreState, Society, and Political Philosophy: Key Concepts
The State and Society
The State: As we understand it, the state is a form of political organization where society is divided into rulers and the ruled.
- Linked to a particular community, the state has membership criteria, dividing people into “insiders” and “foreigners.”
- Usually associated with a territory, requiring the establishment of borders.
- Establishes an economic system and criteria for property ownership.
- Regulates relationships, family structures, associations, and activities.
- Defined by a legislative
Science, Philosophy, and the Human Condition
Science and Knowledge
Feyerabend proposes that science isn’t inherently superior to other forms of knowledge, rejecting the notion of science as purely rational.
The Rhetoric of Science
Some authors, influenced by hermeneutics, view science as rhetoric. Scientific theories are seen as effective metaphorical constructions that aid in understanding reality.
Comprehension Questions
Fundamental Differences in Worldviews
Question 24:
What is the fundamental difference between being in the Greek world and the
Read MoreFernando VII and Education: A Clash of Ideologies
Fernando VII and the Struggle for Education
Fernando VII’s reign profoundly impacted Spain, ushering in a new era of political and social thought. Prior to this period, the government was characterized by absolute and despotic rule. However, the invasion sparked a popular uprising, leading to the formation of Parliament and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1812. This established a constitutional monarchy.
The ideals of the French Revolution – liberty, equality, and fraternity – spread throughout
Read MoreSpecial Contracts in Labor Law: Key Types & Regulations
Unit IV – Special Contracts
Learning Contract
An apprenticeship contract obligates an apprentice to serve an employer. In return, the employer (or another designated person) must practically teach the apprentice a profession, trade, or occupation for a specific time. The apprentice receives a salary. The apprenticeship contract must be in writing; otherwise, services are deemed covered by standard employment contract rules. The contract must be in triplicate.
Apprentice Obligations:
- a) Personally and
Marx’s Philosophy: Materialism, Dialectics, and Critique
Relationship:
Some sources of Marx’s thinking are:
- German idealist philosophy: Hegel.
- Feuerbach.
- French utopian socialism.
- English Economists: A. Smith and Ricardo.
To Marx, all the above materials, including that of Feuerbach, are contemplative and metaphysical, since they interpret reality. Marx’s materialism will criticize all previous materialism; reality must be transformed according to Marx, not merely understood.
The fundamental problem of philosophy for Marx was the contradiction of two antagonistic