Nietzsche’s Moral Philosophy: Key Concepts
Genealogy of Morals
Once we assume that truth does not correspond to reality, but is merely the result of a pact, we can question the concepts of good and evil. We cannot argue that there is a *true* moral good, but rather that an interpretation of what constitutes moral good has come to be imposed upon others and has become law. The concept of good originally meant “noble, aristocratic, distinguished,” whereas bad meant “vulgar, plebeian, low.” This distinction was established by the nobles. Later,
Read MoreCordial Reason: Dialogue, Relationships, and Happiness
Cordial Reason
Cordial Reason includes elements considered for centuries as an agent, but she did not take part. Cordial comes from “corazom” (heart), the nucleus, the deep meaning each person contains: convictions, beliefs, feelings, and desires that we form during our lifetime.
A) Pre-conditions for Dialogue
These are:
- A certain attraction to the values we are drawn to: justice, freedom, equality, etc.
- A character choosing; we must forge the best possibilities to strive for goals, to control our impulses,
Understanding Human Action: 7 Key Elements
When studying human action, we can identify a minimum structure of elements that is always present. Analyzing these elements provides an ideal preparation for understanding the logic of action and its ethical evaluation. These seven elements are: deliberation, intention, purpose, environment, choice, object, and consequences (or effects).
Deliberation
Deliberation is a moment of reflection and self-knowledge, oriented towards action. It is essential for any fully human and responsible action. Deliberation
Read MoreUnderstanding Morality, Ethics, Justice, and Human Rights
Morality and Ethics
Similarities
Morality and ethics both refer to the way people conduct their lives through their actions, habits, and customs. They are intended to guide human behavior.
Differences
- Morality (M): A form of human behavior regulated by norms, customs, and prevailing values in society.
- Ethics (E): A philosophical reflection on moral rules and the consequences of human action.
- M: Originates from a group or social institution.
- E: Arises from rationality.
- M: Often reflected in a code.
- E: Not
Understanding Knowledge: Philosophy, Science, and Society
Understanding Knowledge: Key Concepts
Contact and Distinguishing Reality
Understanding reality involves distinguishing and explaining phenomena. This includes making sense of what is known, employing rational and systematic approaches.
Scientific Methods
Formal Science
Formal science uses symbols and logical reasoning. It involves demonstration through induction and deduction to derive propositions and conclusions.
- Axiomatic Systems: Unprovable axioms form the basis.
- Formation and Transformation Rules:
Understanding Metaphysics: Truth, Knowledge, and Reality
Metaphysical Knowledge: An Introduction
Metaphysics, a term coined in the first century BC, originally referred to Aristotle’s works following his book on physics. It encompasses the fundamental principles of science and philosophical knowledge beyond the scope of the positive sciences. Metaphysics explores truth, knowledge, and the soul.
The distinction between natural sciences and philosophy lies not only in the degree of verification. Sciences precisely define their objects of study, refine testing
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