Philosophical Approaches: Mayeutica, Empirical-Rational, and More
Philosophical Approaches
Mayeutica: Socrates and Plato
Mayeutica: Socrates and Plato employed wisely directed dialogue under the rules of proper human reasoning. This philosophical approach argues that the truth lies within us from the beginning, but we need a suitable method to bring it to light. It involves essential questions and answers, which are subjected to analysis, exploring the arguments and reasons that underlie them, and rejecting contradictions or falsehoods.
Physical (Empirical)-Rational:
Read MoreCollectivist Theories: Marxism, Anarchism, and Statism
Collectivist Theories
The man is only part of a whole that is society. The individual is an abstraction and has no value in itself.
Marx and Communism
The man is a completely material being, which differs from the rest of nature by transforming this activity.
The main thing is man’s work, and the essence of social life is the mode of production, the economic structure, which is the infrastructure of life and human society.
If man is alienated (inhuman) in its basic structure, the other aspects
Read MoreDomestic Abuse: Causes, Types, and Warning Signs
Reasons Why Crime Is Often Hidden from the Police
Contributes (C) or Inhibits (I)
- The victim usually feels shame, which is difficult to overcome.
- Both women and men can be abusers, but typically the violence that is reported has the man as the abuser and the woman as the victim.
- Many people still consider it a private matter and don’t want legal solutions.
- Some people still believe that the victim deserves it (because she did, said, or wore something that made her deserve it).
- Some people still believe
Understanding Morality, Ethics, and Freedom
Accio Moral:
Moral beings are human beings with the capacity to imagine alternatives and choose between them. Being able to justify our moral actions means we are masters of our actions. We know we are free, which implies responsibility. We can blame someone who kills because the liable person is free, so we can judge them. We can act morally or immorally. Amoral beings are like animals.
Differences Between Ethics and Morality:
Morality is closely related to custom and is an echo, therefore it may
Read MorePresocratic Philosophers: From Myth to Logos
The Presocratics were philosophers and scientists who sought to demonstrate the falsity of myth. Their origins can be traced back to Miletus, a center of commerce where economic prosperity flourished. This prosperity led to entertainment, which in turn fostered contemplation, elevating myth to logos, the foundation of philosophy. This transition involved moving away from belief and tradition, which originated in imagination, and questioning the gods and the truth of beliefs. Their theories focused
Read MoreUnderstanding Human Existence: Reality and Life
Two Aspects of Reality
Human beings, through contact with reality, recognize a duality of aspects:
- Exterior Experiences: The subject of experiences. These are perceived as being outside the subjective being.
- Subjective Experiences: Experiences perceived as internal.
These aspects are obvious because humans do not need to search for them; they are readily found. We exist within these components and outside ourselves, finding ways in which we relate.
- Outside: Includes the body (as a physiological component)