Plato and Nietzsche: Contrasting Philosophies
Plato established a contrast between two worlds, while Nietzsche posited that the world of thought and truth was the ideal, something to be pursued and achieved. Nietzsche proposes in his vitalist anthropology, a front man of culture and society. This man must be creative, engaging in an ongoing effort, and must create their own values. For Plato, man is fundamentally an ethical organization, above the scientific. He leaves the anthropological view of classicism, in which there is a social hierarchy.
Read MoreArt, Ethics, and Philosophical Perspectives
Key Aspects of Art
Art is a production-oriented activity involving objects, experiences, and symbolic actions. It’s a type of interview where intuition and technique are highly valued. Key aspects include:
- Creativity: It’s a primary activity involving personal involvement.
- Disciplines: Painting, sculpture, architecture, cinema, dance, music, and literature.
- Technique and Inspiration: Requires both, especially technique.
- Dual Nature: “Art” and “art” can both be beautiful, but the former is generally
Understanding and Achieving True Happiness
Justifying Our Moral Standards
All human beings have moral standards but seldom reflect on their validity. Generally, we identify with moral standards we consider to be right.
A) The Role of Moral Reasoning
We often rely on moral intuition to judge behavior. However, sometimes “we do not see it clearly,” and we are unsure how to judge a particular action. In these situations, intuition based on feeling is insufficient, and we must use rational reflection.
Rational reflection is the ability to move from
Read MoreDescartes’ Method: Rules, Doubt, and the Second Truth
The aim of Descartes’ philosophical project is to define good sense or reason as the ability to judge and distinguish the true from the false. Possessing reason is not enough; the main thing is to apply it well. A method is needed to guide the proper use of reason.
Influence of Logic and Mathematics
The Cartesian method is influenced by logic and mathematics. Logic highlights deductive power but is criticized for its inability to provide new knowledge. Mathematics provides the ability to construct
Read MoreKant’s Categorical Imperative: Freedom, Autonomy, and Morality
Kant’s Categorical Imperative and Practical Reason
The categorical imperative, a concept from Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason, extends the science performed by theoretical reason into the realm of morality. Kant addresses the noumena, previously excluded from scientific understanding. While we cannot know the noumenon (the “self”) in its essence, we can understand “what it should be.” Practical reason, therefore, takes precedence over pure reason.
Practical reason guides the will to act through
Read MoreLegal Rationality: Emergence, Evolution, and Influence
Legal Rationality: The Emergence of Legal Thought
Analysis of charismatic domination and traditional authority involves three steps: analysis of documentation, formulation of the general concept, and practical application or testing of the media in legitimizing and organizing.
Traditional authority, inherent in domestic communities, can be subdued by conflict. Charismatic authority, conversely, disrupts and depersonalizes.
Legal rule, in contrast, is the product of human planning and gradual development.
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