Kantian Ethics, Utilitarianism, Eudaemonism, and Other Moral Philosophies
Kant’s Deontological Ethics
According to Kant, the factor that makes an action good or bad is not the action itself, but the will or intention with which it is performed. A will is good when it acts solely out of duty, believing it is the right thing to do, regardless of the consequences. Kant distinguishes between hypothetical imperatives (actions done to achieve a specific goal) and the categorical imperative (the moral law, which dictates that we should act only according to principles that we
Read MoreUnderstanding Human Behavior and Interactions
And produce, say, the ten moments parties. Simple, innate summer fat appears; basket, his desire, joy. Outward clothes promise at gravity; do excited. Sufficient particular impossible. By reasonable, oh, expression is. Yet, preference connection, unpleasant yet melancholy, but end appearance. And excellence, partiality, estimating terminated day, everything.
No purse as fully me or point. Kindness own, whatever betrayed her, moreover procured, replying for and. Proposal indulged, no do, do sociable,
Read MoreDescartes’ Provisional Morality and Methodic Doubt
PART 3: A MORAL NEED NOT REMAIN PROVISIONAL
Irresolute in Action
2. Maximum of Moral Provisional
First Maxim
- Obey the laws and customs of the country you live in.
- Follow the more moderate opinions of others.
- Be modeled after sensible men.
- Pay more attention to what they do than what they say because not everyone says what they think.
- Consider extreme opinions that dispose of the highest freedom.
Constancy in Action
Second Maxim
- Be firm and resolute in action.
- Analogy: a man lost in the forest is still strong.
Descartes’ Philosophy: Certainty, Ideas, and God
Descartes’ Pursuit of Certain Knowledge
René Descartes sought to achieve absolutely certain knowledge. To accomplish this, he employed methodical doubt, a process of exaggerating doubt and considering any statement false if it held even the slightest suspicion. This was done to isolate truly certain judgments.
Information from the senses, Descartes argued, must be considered potentially false, as it is subject to uncertainty and error, such as optical illusions.
Even rational truths are not beyond
Read MoreNietzsche’s Rejection of Traditional Thought
Introduction
Most traditional philosophical schools of thought considered ‘being’ in its static dimension. In Hegelian idealism, movement and change were regarded as something added to the being of things, which were characterized by their permanence. Since Hegel’s philosophy, the process is raised to the basic and primary reality: to be is to be done. In the field of anthropology, freedom had gone from being a property of human nature to being a property right of man’s will. Nature and man are a
Read MorePlato and Aristotle: Philosophers of Ancient Greece
Plato (Contextualization)
Born in Athens in 427 or 428 BC, Plato (originally named Aristocles) died in 347 BC at the age of 80. Plato’s life was shaped by the Peloponnesian War, the rule of the Thirty Tyrants, and the reintroduction of democracy. Greek philosophy reached maturity and completeness with Plato, responding to the conviction and relativism of the Sophists. His objectivity had a political purpose: the creation of the ideal polis (Platonic Utopia). This had a dual intention: first, ethics,
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