Modernism: Trends, Themes, and Key Figures in Literature
Modernism: Anxiety and Commemoration
Modernism marked the reappearance of anxiety, a characteristic of European Romantic literature. Poetry is used to commemorate the last moments.
Major Trends of Modernism
Initiated by Rubén Darío, modernism involves the integration of various viewpoints, Parnassianism, and symbolism. It draws from varied sources of American and Hispanic poetry. Modernism is an enveloping movement that collects items from different sources and endorses them.
Parnassian Modernism:
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Literariness and Poetic Function Characteristics
- Autonomy: While historical languages, journalism, etc., require a prior reality known to the speaker, literary language creates its own reality.
- Multiple Meaning: Literary language possesses a unique potential for interpretation. Meanings can be understood in different ways:
- Diachronic or Vertical Readings: Meanings or concepts added over history.
- Synchronous or Horizontal Readings: Meanings or concepts added within a concrete context.
- Estrangement (Exile)
Miguel Hernández: Love, Death, and Nature in His Poetry
Key Themes in Miguel Hernández’s Poetry
The poetic work of Miguel Hernández, though concise, is remarkably rich in its subject matter.
Nature and Symbolism
Firstly, the elements of nature are prominent, especially the moon, surrounded by aspects of rural life: the rooster, the scarecrow, orange blossom, the waterwheel, goats, farmers, forges, clay, lime, etc. Secondly, Hernández employs powerful symbolism. The bull stands out as a primary symbol. Initially a descriptive element, it evolves into
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Brave New World: Chapter Questions and Answers
Chapter 14 Questions
- What is Ward 81 like?
- What shocks and embarrasses the nurse?
- In what condition is Linda?
- What are John’s first memories as he sits at Linda’s bedside?
- What disturbs the Savage’s memories?
- How does the Savage react when one boy squeezes up beside him?
- How does the nurse try to pacify the children?
- Whose name does Linda speak? What does this do to John?
- What upsets the nurse when the Savage shouts for her to come to Linda?
- How does the
Jacobean Drama: Themes, Playwrights, and Legacy
Jacobean Drama: An Introduction
Jacobean drama refers to the theatrical works produced during the reign of King James I of England (1603-1625), which followed the Elizabethan era. This period was marked by a continuation and expansion of the themes, styles, and dramatic conventions that flourished under the earlier reign of Queen Elizabeth I, but it also introduced new elements that reflected the changing societal and political landscapes.
Key Characteristics of Jacobean Drama
- Dark and Complex Themes:
Reason and Order: The Enlightenment and Neoclassicism
The Enlightenment (c. 1720-1770)
The Enlightenment was a European cultural movement spanning roughly from 1720 to 1770. Its roots lie in the empiricism and rationalism of 17th-century philosophers, subsequently spreading to France and Germany.
The Enlightenment was based on a strong belief in the power of reason to enable progress. It implied a strong critical spirit: everything was analyzed and discussed. Belief in the natural liberty of humankind also grew: the idea that all are born equal and free
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