Literary Avant-garde and the Generation of ’27 in Spain
The Avant-garde: A Revolution in Art and Literature
The avant-garde artistic movements, which developed in the early twentieth century, revolted against the conception of art based on the imitation of reality. They embraced a taste for the exceptional and the strange, a legacy of symbolism. Their ideological and aesthetic programs spread through manifestos and magazines.
Key Characteristics of Avant-garde Movements:
- Anti-realism and Autonomy of Art: In poetry, anecdote and sentiment were eliminated,
Macbeth Character Analysis: Key Traits and Contrasts
1. Characterization of Macbeth
- Brave and Honorable at First: “For brave Macbeth—well he deserves that name—Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel” (Act 1, Scene 2, Captain).
- Ambitious and Easily Influenced: “I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition” (Act 1, Scene 7, Macbeth).
- Paranoid and Tyrannical: “O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife!” (Act 3, Scene 2, Macbeth).
2. Characterization of Lady Macbeth
- Manipulative and Ambitious: “Look like
The Enlightenment: European & Spanish Context, Philosophy, and Impact
The Enlightenment: European Context
The late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries witnessed profound changes across all aspects of European society. Originating in England and primarily driven by the bourgeoisie, this transformative period is collectively known as the Enlightenment. It championed critical thinking, elevating reason and experience as the sole paths to knowledge. The scientific spirit flourished, with prominent British scientists and philosophers like Isaac Newton, John Locke,
Read MoreRomanticismo y Realismo en la Literatura Española del Siglo XIX
Romanticismo
Rechazo de las reglas y exaltación del genio creativo.
Manifestaciones
- Musicales: Chopin
- Pictórica: Delacroix
- Literaria: Goethe
- Filosófica: Nuevo pensamiento
Marco Histórico
Europa: Revolución Francesa. Cambios:
- Sociales: Nueva sociedad.
- Ideológicos: Reacción contra el racionalismo.
- Políticos: Reacción contra el nacionalismo, anarquismo y socialismo.
España: Atraso y falta de libertad ideológica.
Sentimientos Románticos
- Individualismo, libertad, rebeldía, frustración.
- Ideas románticas:
Literary Theory, Genres, and Key Concepts
Structuralism and Poststructuralism
- Structuralism:
- Language structures thought (Saussurean linguistics).
- Key concepts: signifier (word) and signified (concept).
- Focuses on universal structures (e.g., myths, binaries).
- Meaning is stable, based on differences within a system.
- Poststructuralism:
- Critiques Structuralism’s stability of meaning (Derrida).
- Meaning is fluid and context-dependent (deconstruction).
- Challenges binary oppositions (e.g., good vs. evil).
- Emphasizes power, knowledge (Foucault), and intertextuality
Concepts of Beauty, Art, and Aesthetics
Defining Beauty
Virtue of the nature and works of art and literature, which causes our enjoyment and thus attraction and love for such property.
The ancient Greeks wrote of a number of features of beauty: light, symmetry, proportion, and persuasive power.
Plato reflects on beauty in several works, seeking its definition, the idea of beauty, and “objective beauty of love.”
Kant indicates values in judgments about beauty and taste, classifying their types: pleasant, beautiful, and selfless pleasure. He
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