Government’s Role in Promoting Media Pluralism
Media Market Dynamics
The media market is complex, influenced by geographic boundaries, intense competition, and constant change. Media companies compete on price, quantity, quality, and differentiation. Market pressures can be institutional (external) or spontaneous (internal). Public opinion and audience represent external pressures, while government influence is an internal pressure.
Media’s significant societal influence necessitates government involvement. Media policy aims to guide and control
Read MoreExpert Systems: Applications, Advantages, and Architecture
Expert Systems
Expert systems are software applications designed to mimic the decision-making abilities of a human expert. They store specialized knowledge within a specific field and utilize logical deduction to solve problems.
Applications
Expert systems find wide applications, particularly in business management. Most companies utilize computers for data processing, accounting, financial decisions, and planning. These tasks involve extensive information processing and numerical operations, making
Read MoreDigital Transformation: A Guide to Successful Business Strategies
Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom
Data is the raw material, unprocessed facts and figures. Information is organized, structured, and contextualized data, useful for answering basic questions. Knowledge is the result of analyzing and interpreting information to uncover patterns and trends. Wisdom is the ability to make well-informed decisions based on understanding knowledge.
Knowledge Management
Knowledge management is the process of capturing, storing, and sharing knowledge within an organization
Read MoreGeovisualization and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Geovisualization: traditionally been called Cartography
Steven’s Scales of Measurement
Nominal – Equality; name, ID, gender; determination of equality; # of cases, mode
Ordinal – Greater than; grade, standing; median, percentile
Interval – How much greater; temperature (C); +, – ; mean, standard deviation
Ratio – How many times greater (true zero point); population, area, temperature (K); /, * ; coefficient of variation.
How to Visualize GIS Data?
By giving each geometric entity a symbol representing its
Read MoreOrganization Manual: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
An organization manual defines the set of rules governing the relationships between members of an organization. It serves as a guide, outlining objectives and core functions. Both vertical (hierarchical) and horizontal (functional) relationships are addressed. The manual clarifies expectations regarding functions, tasks, responsibilities, authority, communication, and internal/external relationships, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the organization.
Factors to Consider When
Read MoreOccupational Safety & Health Management System
OSH Policy
Top management shall define and authorize the OSH policy of the organization and ensure that within the defined scope of the OSH management system, it:
- Is appropriate to the nature and extent of risks to the organization’s safety and health.
- Includes a commitment to prevent damage and deterioration of health, and continuous improvement of OSH management and OSH performance.
- Includes a commitment to at least meet regulatory requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes