Organizational Structure and Employee Motivation
Concept Organization
An organization formed by a series of resources (materials and people) oriented towards previously determined goals.
Formal Organization
An intentional, planned, and defined structure that is identified within the company. Each element has its most convenient place and links.
Informal Organization
A network of personal relationships established not by the formal organization, but spontaneously when people who are habitually associated with each other (friendship, etc.) produce it.
Read MoreSoftware Development Life Cycle Models: A Comprehensive Guide
Software Development Life Cycle Models
Classic Life Cycle
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) involves activities performed by analysts, designers, and users to develop and implement information systems. The SDLC consists of six phases:
- Preliminary Investigation: A system request starts with a user’s need, which triggers the process.
- System Requirements Determination: Understanding all facets of the business under study is crucial in systems analysis.
- System Design: This phase details how the system
Management Principles and Organizational Structures
Systems Approach in Management
The systems approach views an organization as interconnected parts working towards a common goal. It emphasizes considering the entire organization and its environment.
Key Concepts:
- Interdependence: All parts affect each other.
- Holistic View: Analyze the organization as a whole.
- Dynamic Environment: Continuous interaction and adaptation.
Examples:
Managerial Efficiency: Using resources effectively. Example: Optimizing production to reduce waste.
Managerial Effectiveness:
Public Administration Reform & HRM: A Comprehensive Guide
Characteristics of Reform Programs in Public Administration Since the 1970s
Several factors have influenced the approach to government reform since the 1970s, leading to various reform programs. These factors include:
- Citizen dissatisfaction with the performance of public organizations
- Demand for more democratic and efficient services
- Demand for greater effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability
- The state’s fiscal crisis (increasing deficit)
- The rise of neoliberalism and economic, social, and political
Production Management: Concepts, Techniques, and Control
Production Management
Control and Essential Function of Government
It is a permanent process of observation and measurement by comparing regular, anticipated results and subsequent realizations. This allows for obtaining information that will serve to regulate the decisions aimed at achieving the objectives pursued.
Types of Control
- According to time: Ex-ante control, current control, future control
- By purpose: Control of accuracy, efficiency control
Techniques Used in the Function of Control
- Budget: Based
Phases of a Sales Interview: A Comprehensive Guide
Phases of the Sales Interview
1. Preparation for the Visit
Effective salespeople don’t rely solely on expertise or leave anything to chance. Thorough preparation is crucial. This involves planning your work, gaining in-depth knowledge of your products or services, and analyzing existing and potential customers.
1.1 Analyze Customer Information
Gather and analyze all available information about your customer and your competitors. This includes their product assortment, market share, promotions, trade
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