Association Rules and Decision Trees in Machine Learning

Unsupervised Machine Learning

Market Basket Analysis (MBA)

  • Definition: Identifies relationships between items frequently bought together, aiding businesses in decisions like product placement and cross-selling.
  • Output: Generates association rules that describe patterns in transactions.
    • Example: {butter, jam} → {bread} implies that buying butter and jam often leads to buying bread.

Association Rules

  • LHS (Left-Hand Side): Items frequently purchased together (e.g., {butter, jam}).
  • RHS (Right-Hand Side):
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Business Optimization: Reengineering, Benchmarking, OLAP, Kaizen, ERP

Reengineering

Reengineering is a process of restructuring and improving a company’s operations. It focuses on cost, quality, service, and speed.

Four keywords:

  • Fundamental: Examining the reasons behind current practices.
  • Radical: Implementing significant, root-level changes.
  • Dramatic: Aiming for substantial improvements, not just incremental ones.

Reengineering is necessary when:

  • Performance lags behind the competition.
  • The organization is in crisis.
  • There are significant market changes.
  • The goal is to achieve
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Comminution Testing: Size Reduction in Mineral Processing

Comminution Testing

The comminution is a mechanical operation of size reduction, resulting in indirect energy consumption. It is considered that in general the relationship energy – downsizing does not define properly the size reduction process. The relationship between diet and the product of a team of reduction is an approximation and can be directly determined. The effects of operational variables, such as solid feed rate, size reduction equipment, etc., are the factors that require a better understanding.

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Organizational Structures and Designs: Key Concepts

Chapter 10: Organizational Structure

Organizational Structure: Formal distribution of employees within an organization.

Organization: The process of creating the organizational structure.

Organizational Design: It is the process in which managers change or redesign the organizational structure, which consists of six steps:

  • Work distribution
  • Departmentalization
  • Chain of command
  • Amplitude control
  • Centralization and Decentralization
  • Formalization
  • Specialization of labor (Adam Smith)

Used to describe the extent

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Understanding the Marketing Environment: Macro and Micro Factors

Marketing Environment

The marketing environment of an organization:

“The set of direct and indirect forces, both controllable and uncontrollable, that are susceptible to influence from a micro and macro level, in all its actions, decisions, and results.”

External Marketing Analysis

  • Uncontrollable factors in the organization (macro environment).
  • Factors with some possible control (micro environment).
  • Identify opportunities and threats.

Internal Analysis

  • Organizational factors (micro environment).
  • Identifies
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Design Methodologies: From Munari to Frascara

Bruno Munari

Bruno Munari defined projecting as a series of operations arranged in a logical order dictated by experience.

Objective of the Projecting Method

Achieving maximum results with minimum effort. The projecting method is not absolute or definitive. You can change the order of an operation if there are objective values that improve the process.

a. Problem Definition

In any problem, the first thing to do is define the problem as a whole. This serves to define the limits within which the designer

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