Understanding Language Structure: Phonemes, Morphology, and Semantics
The Structure of the Language: Phonemes and Words.
Language is a system of signs, related and interdependent, and a set of combining rules. The function of each sign is given by its opposition to another. The study of language is structured in three levels, and each of them deals with a particular aspect:
+ + Level 1: Phonetics – Phonemes, looks, and sounds of the language.
The phoneme is an abstract unit of meaningless jargon that serves to distinguish words. The sound is the individual and concrete
Business Math Problems and Solutions
Chapter 1
11) For most products… d=800-10p
a) d=800-10(20)=600, d=800-10(70)= 100
b) d=800-10(26)=540, d=800-10(27)=260, d=800-10(68)=120, d=800-10(69)=110
c) TR=d*p, TR=800-10(p)
d) 800-10p^2, 800(30)-10(30)^2= 15000, 800(40)-10(40)^2= 16000, 800(50)-10(50)^2=15000
e) TR/p=d*p/p, d=tr/p, d=16000/40= 400 units
13) Micromedia offers…
a) 9600+120x
b) p=600x-(9600+120x)=480x-9600
c) 480(30)-9600=4800
d) p=480x-9600=0, x=20 students
15) Preliminary… TR=d*P, BE=R-(FC+VC), TR=300,000x
a) 300,000-(4,
Read MoreAdvanced English Grammar: Emphasis, Negation, and Modal Verbs
Emphasis in English Grammar
Emphasis Techniques
Passive Voice: Reports are expected by the end of the school year.
Inversion: Little did I understand what was happening.
Expressing Annoyance: Martha is always getting into trouble.
Cleft Sentences with “It”: It was I who stopped the fight. It is the weather that drives me crazy.
Cleft Sentences with “What”: What we need is a good, long shower.
Exceptional Use of “Do”, “Did”, “Shall”, “One”, “So”, “Such”: Little did he know about it.
Adverbs for Emphasis:
Read MoreUnderstanding Ambiguity, Polysemy, and Homonymy in Language
The Double Scale: Saxon vs. Latin
In most cases, the native word is more spontaneous, informal, and unpretentious. There may be emotive differences: the Saxon term is apt to be warmer, homelier than its foreign counterpart, for example, bodily vs. corporeal, brotherly vs. fraternal, and inner vs. internal. Phonetically too, the latter tend to be longer than the native word, which has been subjected to the erosive effect of sound change. The influx of Graeco-Latin terms during the Renaissance introduced
Read MoreLexicon: Structure, Word Formation, and Meaning Shifts
Lexicon: Structure, Word Formation, and Meaning
The lexicon is much more structured than dictionaries; it has links between phonological forms and meanings. It contains all signs whose meaning is not predictable, whether they are single morphemes, words, or combinations of words. It includes words, root morphemes, derived stems, irregular inflected forms, morphologically complex words, and idioms. Regular inflected forms are not included; their meanings are predictable given English morphology.
Openness
Read MoreEnvironmental Pollution and Sustainable Solutions
8.4. POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION. Alteration of a natural environment’s composition by introducing substances. Atmospheric pollution: Climate change: Increased greenhouse effect from emissions caused by oil combustion in industry and transportation. Ozone layer depletion: Caused by emissions of CFCs and nitrogen oxides. Acid rain: Precipitation of sulphuric and nitric acid from polluting gases. Water pollution: Salinization—Bioaccumulation. Eutrophication: Increased nutrients in aquatic ecosystems,
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