Bowed Stringed Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Guide

Material They Are Made Of

Precious woods are the basic raw material for the construction of bowed stringed instruments. Different woods are used depending on the part of the instrument. For example, pine or fir is used for the body, while ebony is used for the fingerboard. The sound quality is achieved thanks to a good raw material.

The strings are usually made of metal or gut.

With Rub Where the Strings? Name and Material

Bowed string instruments are part of the cordophone family. Their sound is generated

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The Art Song: A Comprehensive Guide to Its History and Development

German Review Questions

  1. Define “Lied” :

A:  ​A poem intended to be sung.

  1. Origins of the Romantic Lied :

A: ​Folk Song

  1. Define ”Volkslied” and ​Who coined the term? 

A: German Folk Song coined by Johann Herder

  1. Who is Friedrich Schlegel and what ​Impact he had on German Lied?

A:  German poet, philosopher, philologist, literary critic. 

     Founded journal Athenaeum. Laid out the principles of “Romanticism”

  1. Define “Volksseele” and ​Who coined the term?:

A: “Soul of the People”,

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Nationalism and Wagnerianism in Music History

Nacionalismo and Wagnerianism: Franck, Saint Saens

Instrument of cultural struggle founded by Niedermeyer in 1853, School of classical and religious music to educate the generation of Saint-Saens, Faure enn DÍndy and love for Beethoven, the German Romantics and French eighteenth. Continues line postromanticism, Wagnerism.

César Franck 1822-1890

Mystic composer, his work still remains much influence of Romanticism. Carries a high degree of perfection in the cyclic form of the sonata structure, developing

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Modern English: Evolution, Variations, and Influences

Modern English (ModE): 18th, 19th, 20th Centuries

Modern English’s effect on language has not been revolutionary in terms of grammar. However, there has been significant growth in vocabulary due to advancements in science and technology.

1. Sources of New Words

a. Borrowing

Words are borrowed directly from other languages:

  • French: aperitif, chauffeur, consommé
  • Italian: ciao, confetti
  • Spanish: bonanza, canyon, patio, rodeo, barrio
  • Mexican Spanish: chili (dates back to Early Modern English), enchilada, fajita,
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A Guide to the Three Major Literary Genres: Poetry, Novel, and Theatre

Lyric Poetry

One of the three major literary genres, lyric poetry is characterized by transmitting the author’s experiences, feelings, and thoughts, making it a subjective genre in contrast to the objectivity of the novel.

Consequently, it typically emphasizes the expressive or emotive function, linked to the speaker, as well as the poetic function. Sometimes the receiver may appear in a lyrical text as a projected figure for the recipient the author has in mind, who need not always be human.

A precise

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Exploring the Elements of Prose, Poetry, and Drama: A Comprehensive Guide

Prose Fiction and Its Structural Elements

1) The Plot

– A change in the original situation as presented at the outset of the narrative – Model: Exposition -> Complication -> Climax or Turning Point -> Resolution – Flashbacks and foreshadowing – Experiments in the plot, linear vs. non-linear plots

2) Characters

– Flat characters vs. round characters – Typification vs. individualization of the character – Modes of presenting the character: telling and showing

3) The Narrative Perspective or Point

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