History of Spanish Music: From Zarzuela to Modernism
History of Spanish Music
Early Influences
Mario Cristiano influenced by Italian and traditional Spanish music. The reaction against foreign influences led to the decline of Spanish opera and the rise of the zarzuela, a uniquely Spanish genre.
The Zarzuela’s Emergence
The failure of Spanish opera allowed the zarzuela to flourish. Initially a light, theatrical genre, it evolved, incorporating elements of Italian opera by 1850. By 1880, shorter, sketch-like zarzuelas became popular, featuring alternating
Read MoreMusic in the Renaissance (1450-1600): An Overview
Music in the Renaissance (1450-1600)
Introduction
The Renaissance (1450-1600) was a period of significant historical and cultural change in Europe. The 15th century witnessed the rise of mercantilism and the decline of feudalism. Politically, there were clashes between feudal lords and royalty, who sought to unify their realms and allied themselves with the emerging bourgeoisie. The modern city-state acquired outstanding importance in social life.
The fall of Constantinople in 1453 led to an influx
Read MoreRomanticism: A Journey of Self-Discovery and Inner Conflict
General Characteristics of Romanticism
The term “romanticism” refers not only to a literary style but also to a way of being in the world. In contrast to the emphasis on reason and order prevalent in the 18th century, the romantic spirit prioritizes sensitivity, imagination, and freedom. This shift reflects a cultural malaise, a protest against the notion that reason alone can explain the world, to the detriment of the spirit and emotions. However, romanticism cannot be simply defined as the opposite
Read MoreSpanish Golden Age Theatre: Characteristics and Conventions
1. Spanish Golden Age Theatre
1.2. Dramatic Structure
Plays are typically divided into three acts, a structure established in the late sixteenth century. The plot unfolds throughout the play: the first act introduces the situation and characters, the second act develops the conflict, and the third act provides the resolution. Playwrights often strive for a dynamic pace, particularly in the first act.
1.3. Versification and Language
Plays are written in verse, utilizing a variety of meters and stanzas
Read MoreThe Old Spanish Ballads: A Literary Genre of Medieval Romance
1.1 The Ballad as a Literary Genre
The ballad, a genre of oral origin popular in the late Middle Ages, is a collection of romances sung and later compiled into written texts during the 15th and 16th centuries. These texts, preserved in manuscripts, printed books, and loose sheets, reflect a selection process favoring certain romances while neglecting others. This dual nature—oral origin yet subject to written forms—catered to a gentrified and courteous audience, signifying a revaluation of popular
Read MoreThe Poetic Universe of Federico García Lorca
Tradition and Modernity
The poet embodies the ancient culture of his people and embraces the lyrical tradition, incorporating technical innovations of the avant-garde. This results in a fusion of popular references, lyrical elements, and visual artistry. Lorca’s poetry, rooted in oral tradition, draws inspiration from Andalusian flamenco song. He blends traditional elements with imaginative creations, resulting in original works characterized by the irrational. Lorca maintains tradition while embracing
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