Samuel Pepys’ Diary: A Window into 17th Century England

The Diary of Samuel Pepys

Diary by Samuel Pepys
Samuel Pepys (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an administrator of the Navy of England and Member of Parliament, most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man.


Pepys had no maritime experience, but he rose to be the Chief Secretary to the Admiralty under both King Charles II and King James II through patronage, hard work, and his talent for administration. His influence and reforms at the Admiralty were important
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Chaucer, Langland, and the Medieval Estates System

(i) Pardoner’s Tale

The extract from “The Pardoner’s Tale” shows how Geoffrey Chaucer critiques the corruption in the medieval Church. The Pardoner is a character who represents greed and hypocrisy. He uses his sermon to trick people into giving him money by selling fake indulgences and relics.

The italicized words in line 12, “as clean and eke as clear,” are very important because they show how fake his promises are. These words make it seem like he is offering a very pure and holy solution to

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Norman Conquest: William I’s Impact on England

The Norman Conquest of 1066

The Witan made the obvious choice, and Harold Godwinson became the new King of England. He marched north to Stamford Bridge, where he battled and defeated Harald Hardrada. Soon after, news arrived of a new threat from the south: William of Normandy. The two armies clashed at the Battle of Hastings (October 14, 1066). Harold died in battle, and William was crowned King in London as William I. The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the events of the battle.

The Norman’s Impact

This

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Spanish Renaissance Literature: Characteristics and Poetry

Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron is a bitter narrative satire against the institutions of his day. Dante is the continuation of the Renaissance in Spain, but it appears with its own characteristics, making traditional religious beliefs coexist with the new valuation of the world, and the national with new European trends. Two factors, politics and culture, contribute to the Spanish Renaissance having its own personality:

  • The reign of Charles I of Spain and V of Germany is a symbol of glory, full political
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Apostrophes, Digraphs, and Literary Movements

The Apostrophe:

Not s’apostrophen:

  • On / In: H aspirated before the ‘hawa’à’.
  • In front of words that start with Y, U consonàtiques, yogurt.

The ‘A’g:

  • In front of words starting UI am HI HU unstressed: indústria.
  • Before the words of ‘host una’.
  • Before words that start with the prefix A-MB negative value: the name asimetria.
  • Before letters: e, the essa.
  • Before an aspirated H: the hippie.

Preposition ‘Of’:

  • Before I / U consonàtiques: huelva.
  • Before aspirated H: hoollywod.
  • Before the names of the letters themselves
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17th-Century English Poets: Donne, Marvell, and Milton

John Donne (1572-1631)

Born in London to a Catholic family, John Donne studied at Oxford and Cambridge but didn’t receive a degree due to his faith. He worked for Sir Thomas Egerton for five years, but his true passion was poetry. Inspired by Ovid, Donne’s emotionally intense verses departed from the Petrarchan style, focusing on earthly love. His secret marriage to Anne More in 1601 resulted in imprisonment and job loss. The following decade brought poverty, but also a prolific period of writing

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