English Grammar Essentials: Tenses, Speech & Vocabulary

Posted by on Sep 9, 2025 in Modern Languages | 0 comments

English Grammar Fundamentals

Present Simple Tense

Form: Subject + Base Verb (-s/-es for He/She/It)

Uses of Present Simple

  • Actions or routines
  • General truths or facts
  • Scheduled events
  • States or permanent situations
  • Feelings, opinions, and senses

Present Continuous Tense

Form: Subject + Am/Is/Are + Verb-ing

Uses of Present Continuous

  • Actions happening now
  • Temporary situations
  • Future arrangements (planned)
  • Annoying habits

Present Perfect Tense

Form: Subject + Have/Has + Past Participle (V3)

Uses of Present Perfect

  • Actions
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Verb Tense and Head Movement in English Syntax

Posted by on Feb 3, 2025 in Modern Languages | 0 comments

Quite often, the verbal element is composite. On top of the lexical element V, we have some auxiliary-like element which marks the inflection for tense and person:

  • She will/can/has/is go/going/gone

We will simply assume that such auxiliaries are in the T head. Now, how about cases where the verb is a single form with both the lexical element and the inflectional element together?

  • She goes/went home

These are inflected forms, and we will have to assume that they involve both the V and the T heads. What

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