Deep Vein Thrombosis: Invasive Treatment & Natriuretic Peptide Tests

Indications for Invasive Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Indications:
  • Phlegmasia
  • Symptoms of IVC thrombosis
  • Acute iliofemoral DVT
Methods:
  • Insert IV line into a vein
  • Anesthesia is injected
  • A small incision is made
  • Guided X-ray, insert catheter via skin
  • Contrast media injected
  • X-ray is taken to find clot location
  • Clot-dissolving drugs are given
  • Catheter removed, pressure to stop bleeding
  • Dressing is put on
Post-op:
  • Daily examination of calves
  • Anticoagulants
  • Stay hydrated
  • Bed rest
  • Foot elevation

B-type Natriuretic Peptide

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Bacterial Culture, Diseases, and Biotechnology Uses

Bacterial Culture Media, Mutation, and Strain

Bacteria can grow in artificial culture media, which serve to isolate and identify them. There are two types of culture media:

  • Solid: Contains water, sodium chloride, proteins, and a solidifying substance called agar. The advantage of solid media is that it allows us to distinguish different bacterial colonies.
  • Liquid: Contains water, sodium chloride, and proteins. In liquid media, bacteria grow uniformly.

Mutation and Strain: A mutation is an alteration

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Microbiology Cheat Sheet: Key Concepts & Study Notes

Microbiology Cheat Sheet Prep

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Finish by April 8th

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5-10 Key Points/Notes for Each Week (Less if Including Pictures)

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Please Use Only Information Directly from the Textbook

Chapter 13: Antimicrobial Control & Therapeutics

Sterilization vs. Disinfection

  • Sterilization: Complete eradication of all viable microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Methods include:
    • Autoclaving (high pressure and temperature)
    • Pasteurization (moderate heat)
    • Cold methods (refrigeration and freezing)
    • Filtration
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Sexually Transmitted Infections: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Syphilis

Syphilis is caused by the spirochete bacterium. It spreads through sexual contact, placental transfer, and blood. Symptoms include a painless but highly contagious sore or ulcer on the genitals, and swollen lymph nodes in the groin. Advanced stages can manifest as skin problems, hepatitis, nervous system issues, or bone problems. Diagnosis is through the VDRL test. Treatment involves penicillin injections. Untreated syphilis can lead to heart and central nervous

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Bacterial, Viral, and Foodborne Illnesses: Symptoms and Treatment

Bacterial Infections

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)

  • Disease: Lyme Disease
  • Vector: Ticks (commonly found in deer habitats)
  • Symptoms: “Bull’s-eye” rash, flu-like symptoms, heart inflammation, neurological abnormalities, arthritis
  • Diagnosis: PCR DNA test, ELISA, Western Blot for IgM/IgG antibodies
  • Treatment: Amoxicillin, tetracycline
  • Prevention: Destroy tick habitats, use insecticides, tick repellents (e.g., DEET), inspect skin, and promptly remove ticks (within 24 hours)

Helicobacter pylori

  • Characteristics:
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Disease Outbreaks: Definitions, Steps, and Modes of Transmission

Disease Detectives

Pandemic: A global disease outbreak.

Outbreak: A sudden occurrence of disease in a community.

Epidemic: A widespread occurrence of a disease in a community at a particular time.

Zoonosis: A disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals.


10 Steps to Investigate an Outbreak

  1. Prepare for field work
  2. Establish the existence of an outbreak
  3. Verify the diagnosis
  4. Construct a working case definition
  5. Find cases systematically and record information
  6. Develop Hypothesis
  7. Evaluate hypotheses
  8. Refine
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