Ear Health Conditions: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media
- Definition & Age Group: ASOM is a painful bacterial infection of the middle ear, most common in infants aged 6–24 months.
- Causative Agents: The primary pathogens include Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%), Haemophilus influenzae (25%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (15%).
- Pathophysiology: Infection causes eustachian tube blockage, leading to fluid buildup, bacterial superinfection, pressure increase, and possibly tympanic membrane perforation.
- Clinical Features: Symptoms
Essential Medical Terminology Reference
Respiratory System Terminology
- URTI
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.
- SOB
- Shortness of Breath; difficulty breathing.
- RR
- Respiratory Rate.
- CXR
- Chest X-ray.
- P/F
- Peak Flow.
- Pt Ed.
- Patient Education.
- PCA
- Patient-Controlled Analgesia.
- AE
- Air Entry.
- FBC
- Full Blood Count.
- Apnoea
- The patient isn’t breathing at all.
- Bradypnoea
- Abnormally slow breathing, less than 12 breaths per minute.
- Eupnoea
- Easy, free respiration under normal resting conditions (12-20 breaths per minute).
- Tachypnoea
- Abnormally fast breathing (20-30 breaths
Mastering Essential English Idioms & Vocabulary
Essential English Idioms & Vocabulary
- Take to heart: To take something seriously or be deeply affected by it. (Spanish: tomárselo a pecho)
- Have a heart-to-heart: To have a very sincere and intimate conversation.
- Fall out with someone: To have an argument or disagreement with someone.
- Miss the point: To fail to understand the main idea or most important part of something.
- Raise someone’s expectations: To increase someone’s hopes or probabilities regarding a future event.
- Run into difficulties: To
Histology Staining Techniques: Principles and Procedures
Basics of Staining
Stains are chemical substances used to achieve visible color contrast in the microscopic picture of a prepared tissue. Staining involves treating tissues or cells with a series of reagents so that they acquire a color. No particles of dye are seen, and the stained element is transparent.
Purpose of Staining
- Outlines tissues and cellular components.
- Aids in the identification of tissues.
- Establishes the presence or absence of disease processes.
Dyes
Dyes are essentially aromatic benzene
Read MoreProgressive Muscle Relaxation: Achieve Calm & Wellness
Understanding Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is a widely recognized technique developed in the early 1920s by American physician Edmund Jacobson. Rooted in the idea that physical relaxation leads to mental calmness, PMR is a method that involves systematically tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups in the body. This practice helps individuals become more aware of physical tension and learn how to release it, promoting overall relaxation and stress
Read MorePharmacology Essentials: Psychoactive Drugs & Hypertension Management
Psychoactive Substances Pharmacology
1. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Pharmacological Effects
- Altered Consciousness: Produces significant changes in perception and awareness.
- Euphoria: Induces feelings of intense happiness.
- Increased Sensory Awareness: Heightens sensory perception (sight, sound, touch).
- Sympathomimetic Activity:
- Pupillary Dilation
- Increased Blood Pressure
- Tachycardia (increased heart rate)
Adverse Effects
- “Bad Trips”: Severe anxiety, visual disturbances, intense depression.
- Tolerance: Develops